American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

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VCF0012 Form or interview type of paper questionnaire   1) 1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A   2) 1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B   9) NA

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	5721	46.9%	46.9%	-.52
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	5684	46.6%	93.5%	.01
NA	798	6.5%	100%	3.66

Variable Comparisons

Gender Race Age Education Religion Church attendance

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	46.7% 2510	47.0% 3211	46.9% 5721
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	46.5% 2496	46.7% 3188	46.6% 5684
NA	6.8% 364	6.4% 434	6.5% 798
TOTAL	100.0% 5370	100.0% 6833	12203

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Asian	Native American	Hispanic	Other	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	47.1% 4609	46.3% 681	50.8% 61	46.0% 125	46.2% 224	45.5% 10	47.0% 5710
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	47.0% 4600	46.4% 683	40.8% 49	44.9% 122	43.5% 211	54.5% 12	46.7% 5677
NA	5.9% 574	7.3% 108	8.3% 10	9.2% 25	10.3% 50	0.0% 0	6.3% 767
TOTAL	100.0% 9783	100.0% 1472	100.0% 120	100.0% 272	100.0% 485	100.0% 22	12154

Age (I-AGE)

	17-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65 and older	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	44.5% 622	46.1% 1285	45.7% 1142	50.2% 873	46.7% 738	48.3% 1044	46.9% 5704
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	46.9% 655	45.7% 1276	47.5% 1187	44.6% 776	48.7% 770	46.5% 1005	46.6% 5669
NA	8.6% 120	8.2% 229	6.8% 171	5.2% 91	4.6% 73	5.3% 114	6.6% 798
TOTAL	100.0% 1397	100.0% 2790	100.0% 2500	100.0% 1740	100.0% 1581	100.0% 2163	12171

Education (I-EDUC)

	Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	High school (12 grades or fewer)	Some college (13 grades or more but no degree)	College or advanced degree	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	48.5% 766	46.2% 2710	45.3% 1105	49.2% 1073	46.9% 5654
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	47.8% 756	46.9% 2749	46.7% 1139	45.2% 985	46.7% 5629
NA	3.7% 58	6.9% 404	7.9% 193	5.6% 123	6.5% 778
TOTAL	100.0% 1580	100.0% 5863	100.0% 2437	100.0% 2181	12061

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	47.5% 3719	46.4% 1317	50.2% 119	43.3% 524	46.9% 5679
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	46.8% 3660	47.3% 1344	46.4% 110	44.8% 542	46.7% 5656
NA	5.7% 444	6.3% 180	3.4% 8	12.0% 145	6.4% 777
TOTAL	100.0% 7823	100.0% 2841	100.0% 237	100.0% 1211	12112

Church attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Every week	Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	Once or twice a month	A few times a year	Never	No religious preference (1970-1988)	TOTAL
1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	47.8% 1619	49.4% 579	46.0% 739	47.4% 1458	43.0% 974	51.0% 278	46.9% 5647
1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	47.1% 1597	44.9% 526	46.7% 750	48.4% 1489	43.9% 994	49.0% 267	46.7% 5623
NA	5.1% 173	5.7% 67	7.3% 117	4.1% 127	13.2% 298	0.0% 0	6.5% 782
TOTAL	100.0% 3389	100.0% 1172	100.0% 1606	100.0% 3074	100.0% 2266	100.0% 545	12052