American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

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VCF0110 What is the highest degree that you have earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings)   0) Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)   1) Grade school or less (0-8 grades)   2) High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)   3) Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)   4) College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	470	1%	1%	-2.4
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	7830	16.5%	17.5%	-1.38
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	21888	46.1%	63.6%	-.36
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	9191	19.4%	83%	.67
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	8059	17%	100%	1.69

Variable Comparisons

Gender Race Age Education Religion Church attendance

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.8% 172	0.8% 198	0.8% 370
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	17.5% 3688	15.7% 4141	16.5% 7829
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	41.3% 8678	50.2% 13208	46.2% 21886
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	19.9% 4180	19.0% 5011	19.4% 9191
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	20.5% 4300	14.3% 3759	17.0% 8059
TOTAL	100.0% 21018	100.0% 26317	47335

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Asian	Native American	Hispanic	Other	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.7% 288	0.8% 40	0.5% 2	0.8% 7	0.6% 9	0.7% 1	0.7% 347
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	15.7% 6156	24.1% 1245	1.9% 7	12.1% 100	15.5% 230	43.3% 61	16.6% 7799
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	46.2% 18059	48.2% 2487	20.5% 76	51.8% 427	47.1% 700	36.9% 52	46.3% 21801
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	19.3% 7550	17.9% 922	26.5% 98	23.3% 192	24.4% 363	12.1% 17	19.4% 9142
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	18.1% 7062	9.1% 469	50.5% 187	11.9% 98	12.4% 185	7.1% 10	17.0% 8011
TOTAL	100.0% 39115	100.0% 5163	100.0% 370	100.0% 824	100.0% 1487	100.0% 141	47100

Age (I-AGE)

	17-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65 and older	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.5% 23	0.6% 59	0.5% 53	0.7% 55	0.6% 42	1.3% 103	0.7% 335
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	3.4% 155	5.7% 583	10.3% 1020	17.7% 1384	26.4% 1726	36.3% 2913	16.5% 7781
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	56.7% 2589	50.0% 5127	45.6% 4505	45.3% 3552	44.5% 2911	38.9% 3128	46.3% 21812
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	30.6% 1400	23.4% 2395	20.9% 2070	17.7% 1390	13.6% 892	12.5% 1008	19.4% 9155
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	8.8% 403	20.3% 2082	22.6% 2235	18.6% 1459	14.8% 966	11.0% 882	17.0% 8027
TOTAL	100.0% 4570	100.0% 10246	100.0% 9883	100.0% 7840	100.0% 6537	100.0% 8034	47110

Education (I-EDUC)

	Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	High school (12 grades or fewer)	Some college (13 grades or more but no degree)	College or advanced degree	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	100.0% 7830	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	16.7% 7830
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	0.0% 0	100.0% 21888	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	46.6% 21888
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	100.0% 9191	0.0% 0	19.6% 9191
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	100.0% 8059	17.2% 8059
TOTAL	100.0% 7830	100.0% 21888	100.0% 9191	100.0% 8059	46968

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.6% 174	0.7% 80	0.8% 9	0.8% 33	0.6% 296
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	18.3% 5589	15.0% 1646	11.1% 130	9.8% 411	16.6% 7776
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	47.4% 14527	47.5% 5211	29.8% 349	39.8% 1666	46.3% 21753
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	18.5% 5660	19.8% 2172	21.4% 251	24.7% 1032	19.4% 9115
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	15.3% 4670	16.9% 1853	36.9% 432	24.9% 1039	17.0% 7994
TOTAL	100.0% 30620	100.0% 10962	100.0% 1171	100.0% 4181	46934

Church attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Every week	Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	Once or twice a month	A few times a year	Never	No religious preference (1970-1988)	TOTAL
Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	0.7% 66	0.6% 22	1.0% 46	0.6% 45	0.8% 53	0.6% 9	0.7% 241
Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	11.9% 1058	9.8% 363	10.6% 479	10.4% 809	10.2% 705	9.1% 127	10.7% 3541
High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	43.7% 3889	40.9% 1521	44.9% 2026	49.7% 3885	47.3% 3267	42.2% 588	45.7% 15176
Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	21.9% 1951	23.5% 872	24.8% 1119	21.3% 1664	22.3% 1542	25.3% 353	22.6% 7501
College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	21.7% 1927	25.3% 939	18.7% 842	18.0% 1410	19.4% 1339	22.8% 318	20.4% 6775
TOTAL	100.0% 8891	100.0% 3717	100.0% 4512	100.0% 7813	100.0% 6906	100.0% 1395	33234