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American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

Data Archive > U.S. Surveys > General Population > National > National Election Studies > Analysis

VCF0117

1948: What is [head's] occupation, I mean, what kind of work does (head) do? 1972-1978: We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working now, looking for work, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? 1980-1986: We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980, 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984, 1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week?

	1) Working now
	2) Temporarily laid off
	4) Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")
	5) Retired
	6) Permanently disabled
	7) Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)
	8) Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)
	9) NA/Don't know

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Working now	11863	70%	70%	-.61
Temporarily laid off	239	1.4%	71.4%	-.15
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	579	3.4%	74.8%	.79
Retired	2664	15.7%	90.5%	1.26
Permanently disabled	529	3.1%	93.6%	1.73
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	777	4.6%	98.2%	2.2
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	202	1.2%	99.4%	2.67
NA/Don't know	106	.6%	100%	3.14

Variable Comparisons

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Working now	75.1% 5527	66.0% 6335	70.0% 11862
Temporarily laid off	1.6% 118	1.3% 121	1.4% 239
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	2.7% 200	4.0% 379	3.4% 579
Retired	15.6% 1151	15.8% 1513	15.7% 2664
Permanently disabled	2.8% 206	3.4% 323	3.1% 529
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	0.4% 30	7.8% 747	4.6% 777
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	1.4% 106	1.0% 96	1.2% 202
NA/Don't know	0.3% 25	0.8% 79	0.6% 104
TOTAL	100.0% 7363	100.0% 9593	16956

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Asian	Native American	Hispanic	Other	TOTAL
Working now	71.0% 10033	60.1% 1112	83.5% 71	74.1% 249	71.9% 341	0.00% 0	69.9% 11806
Temporarily laid off	1.2% 174	2.1% 39	2.4% 2	2.1% 7	3.4% 16	0.00% 0	1.4% 238
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	2.6% 369	8.4% 155	2.4% 2	5.7% 19	7.0% 33	0.00% 0	3.4% 578
Retired	16.7% 2354	13.5% 249	4.7% 4	8.6% 29	4.6% 22	0.00% 0	15.7% 2658
Permanently disabled	2.4% 338	8.0% 149	2.4% 2	3.9% 13	4.9% 23	0.00% 0	3.1% 525
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	4.4% 618	6.0% 111	1.2% 1	5.1% 17	5.5% 26	0.00% 0	4.6% 773
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	1.2% 170	1.0% 19	2.4% 2	0.6% 2	1.7% 8	0.00% 0	1.2% 201
NA/Don't know	0.6% 80	0.9% 17	1.2% 1	0.0% 0	1.1% 5	0.00% 0	0.6% 103
TOTAL	100.0% 14136	100.0% 1851	100.0% 85	100.0% 336	100.0% 474	100.0% 0	16882

Age (I-AGE)

	17-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65 and older	TOTAL
Working now	81.5% 1789	87.1% 3437	89.3% 2700	83.2% 2046	60.2% 1424	14.8% 427	70.1% 11823
Temporarily laid off	1.6% 35	2.1% 82	1.5% 45	1.5% 36	1.4% 33	0.3% 8	1.4% 239
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	5.6% 124	4.6% 181	3.7% 112	3.4% 84	2.5% 58	0.6% 17	3.4% 576
Retired	1.3% 29	0.7% 27	1.1% 32	4.6% 112	23.5% 555	65.4% 1881	15.6% 2636
Permanently disabled	1.5% 34	1.0% 40	1.8% 55	4.1% 101	7.7% 183	3.9% 111	3.1% 524
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	2.3% 51	2.1% 81	1.9% 56	2.4% 59	4.4% 103	14.5% 417	4.5% 767
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	5.5% 121	1.7% 66	0.3% 8	0.2% 5	0.0% 1	0.0% 0	1.2% 201
NA/Don't know	0.5% 12	0.8% 32	0.5% 14	0.6% 15	0.3% 7	0.6% 17	0.6% 97
TOTAL	100.0% 2195	100.0% 3946	100.0% 3022	100.0% 2458	100.0% 2364	100.0% 2878	16863

Education (I-EDUC)

	Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	High school (12 grades or fewer)	Some college (13 grades or more but no degree)	College or advanced degree	TOTAL
Working now	42.1% 1084	71.2% 5910	78.7% 2664	83.3% 2168	70.1% 11826
Temporarily laid off	1.0% 26	1.9% 159	0.8% 27	1.0% 25	1.4% 237
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	2.8% 71	4.3% 359	3.0% 100	1.8% 46	3.4% 576
Retired	33.2% 855	14.5% 1200	9.2% 313	10.4% 272	15.7% 2640
Permanently disabled	8.7% 223	2.8% 234	1.7% 57	0.5% 13	3.1% 527
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	11.3% 292	4.4% 363	2.8% 96	0.8% 21	4.6% 772
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	0.1% 2	0.4% 37	3.3% 113	1.9% 50	1.2% 202
NA/Don't know	0.8% 21	0.4% 37	0.5% 16	0.3% 9	0.5% 83
TOTAL	100.0% 2574	100.0% 8299	100.0% 3386	100.0% 2604	16863

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	TOTAL
Working now	67.9% 7491	74.1% 2962	70.5% 280	75.1% 1061	70.0% 11794
Temporarily laid off	1.4% 158	1.4% 56	0.3% 1	1.6% 22	1.4% 237
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	3.3% 367	3.4% 136	1.8% 7	4.7% 66	3.4% 576
Retired	17.2% 1893	13.6% 545	17.9% 71	9.8% 138	15.7% 2647
Permanently disabled	3.5% 388	2.3% 93	1.3% 5	2.9% 41	3.1% 527
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	5.2% 572	3.8% 150	5.0% 20	2.4% 34	4.6% 776
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	1.0% 112	0.9% 35	2.8% 11	3.0% 42	1.2% 200
NA/Don't know	0.5% 51	0.6% 22	0.5% 2	0.6% 8	0.5% 83
TOTAL	100.0% 11032	100.0% 3999	100.0% 397	100.0% 1412	16840

Church attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Every week	Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	Once or twice a month	A few times a year	Never	No religious preference (1970-1988)	TOTAL
Working now	65.9% 2760	70.8% 1338	70.3% 1426	72.5% 3401	65.3% 1384	76.0% 872	69.6% 11181
Temporarily laid off	1.0% 40	1.1% 20	1.5% 31	1.8% 85	2.0% 42	1.7% 19	1.5% 237
Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	2.1% 90	2.6% 49	4.7% 95	3.7% 173	4.7% 100	4.7% 54	3.5% 561
Retired	21.3% 894	16.8% 317	12.6% 256	13.6% 639	17.6% 374	9.1% 104	16.1% 2584
Permanently disabled	2.6% 111	3.1% 58	4.4% 90	3.1% 147	3.9% 82	3.0% 34	3.2% 522
Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	5.8% 243	4.5% 85	4.9% 100	3.6% 169	5.2% 110	2.6% 30	4.6% 737
Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	0.8% 33	1.0% 19	1.3% 27	1.3% 61	0.9% 19	2.9% 33	1.2% 192
NA/Don't know	0.5% 20	0.2% 3	0.1% 3	0.3% 15	0.4% 8	0.2% 2	0.3% 51
TOTAL	100.0% 4191	100.0% 1889	100.0% 2028	100.0% 4690	100.0% 2119	100.0% 1148	16065