American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

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VCF0119 1968, 1970: Is (the head) presently employed, or is (he/she) unemployed, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? 1972-1978: We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working now, looking for work, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? 1980-1986: We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980, 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984, 1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week?   1) Employed   2) Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife   3) Retired (1966 adds "over 65")   4) Homemaker   5) Student   9) DK/NA/No Pre IW

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Employed	20855	73.1%	73.1%	-.49
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	1627	5.7%	78.8%	.31
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	4101	14.4%	93.2%	1.11
Homemaker	1338	4.7%	97.9%	1.91
Student	271	1%	98.9%	2.72
DK/NA/No Pre IW	323	1.1%	100%	5.92

Variable Comparisons

Gender Race Age Education Religion Church attendance

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Employed	78.4% 9778	69.5% 11077	73.4% 20855
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	5.0% 626	6.3% 1001	5.7% 1627
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	14.5% 1809	14.4% 2292	14.4% 4101
Homemaker	0.4% 48	8.1% 1290	4.7% 1338
Student	1.2% 148	0.8% 123	1.0% 271
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.5% 68	1.0% 155	0.8% 223
TOTAL	100.0% 12477	100.0% 15938	28415

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Asian	Native American	Hispanic	Other	TOTAL
Employed	74.1% 18116	66.7% 1948	83.5% 71	74.1% 249	71.9% 341	83.7% 87	73.4% 20812
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	4.5% 1092	14.0% 408	7.1% 6	11.6% 39	15.2% 72	3.8% 4	5.7% 1621
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	15.1% 3681	12.2% 356	4.7% 4	8.6% 29	4.6% 22	3.8% 4	14.4% 4096
Homemaker	4.6% 1116	5.8% 168	1.2% 1	5.1% 17	5.5% 26	6.7% 7	4.7% 1335
Student	1.0% 239	0.6% 17	2.4% 2	0.6% 2	1.7% 8	1.9% 2	1.0% 270
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.8% 189	0.8% 22	1.2% 1	0.0% 0	1.1% 5	0.0% 0	0.8% 217
TOTAL	100.0% 24433	100.0% 2919	100.0% 85	100.0% 336	100.0% 474	100.0% 104	28351

Age (I-AGE)

	17-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65 and older	TOTAL
Employed	82.9% 2437	89.2% 5656	90.7% 5093	85.9% 4026	66.8% 2697	18.7% 868	73.5% 20777
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	7.2% 213	5.6% 356	5.0% 283	6.2% 289	8.0% 322	3.4% 156	5.7% 1619
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	1.1% 33	0.7% 43	1.4% 79	4.5% 213	19.7% 795	62.6% 2900	14.4% 4063
Homemaker	2.3% 68	2.3% 143	1.9% 105	2.5% 119	5.0% 202	14.7% 681	4.7% 1318
Student	5.5% 161	1.5% 92	0.2% 10	0.1% 6	0.0% 1	0.0% 0	1.0% 270
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.9% 26	0.8% 49	0.8% 43	0.8% 36	0.5% 22	0.6% 27	0.7% 203
TOTAL	100.0% 2938	100.0% 6339	100.0% 5613	100.0% 4689	100.0% 4039	100.0% 4632	28250

Education (I-EDUC)

	Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	High school (12 grades or fewer)	Some college (13 grades or more but no degree)	College or advanced degree	TOTAL
Employed	54.8% 3192	76.6% 10689	79.9% 3753	83.7% 3161	73.6% 20795
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	7.5% 436	6.3% 879	4.4% 209	2.5% 96	5.7% 1620
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	27.1% 1579	11.9% 1668	9.1% 429	10.1% 381	14.4% 4057
Homemaker	9.9% 579	4.2% 588	2.6% 120	1.1% 42	4.7% 1329
Student	0.0% 0	0.3% 41	3.3% 156	2.0% 74	1.0% 271
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.6% 37	0.7% 98	0.7% 31	0.6% 22	0.7% 188
TOTAL	100.0% 5823	100.0% 13963	100.0% 4698	100.0% 3776	28260

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	TOTAL
Employed	71.9% 13795	77.5% 4969	77.0% 571	74.9% 1371	73.5% 20706
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	5.8% 1118	5.1% 328	2.6% 19	8.2% 150	5.7% 1615
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	15.6% 3001	12.0% 769	13.5% 100	10.5% 193	14.4% 4063
Homemaker	5.2% 998	4.0% 254	4.4% 33	2.7% 49	4.7% 1334
Student	0.8% 151	0.7% 45	2.0% 15	3.2% 58	1.0% 269
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.7% 125	0.8% 50	0.5% 4	0.5% 9	0.7% 188
TOTAL	100.0% 19188	100.0% 6415	100.0% 742	100.0% 1830	28175

Church attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Every week	Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	Once or twice a month	A few times a year	Never	No religious preference (1970-1988)	TOTAL
Employed	66.7% 3171	70.8% 1338	71.0% 1603	72.7% 3729	65.5% 1501	75.5% 919	69.9% 12261
Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	5.4% 256	6.7% 127	10.0% 226	8.2% 421	10.2% 233	9.2% 112	7.8% 1375
Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	20.8% 988	16.8% 317	12.5% 283	13.6% 698	17.8% 409	9.3% 113	16.0% 2808
Homemaker	5.9% 281	4.5% 85	5.0% 114	3.9% 198	5.3% 121	2.8% 34	4.7% 833
Student	0.8% 38	1.0% 19	1.3% 30	1.3% 65	0.9% 21	3.1% 38	1.2% 211
DK/NA/No Pre IW	0.4% 21	0.2% 3	0.1% 3	0.3% 15	0.3% 8	0.2% 2	0.3% 52
TOTAL	100.0% 4755	100.0% 1889	100.0% 2259	100.0% 5126	100.0% 2293	100.0% 1218	17540