American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

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VCF0141 What is the highest degree that (head) has earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings)   1) 8 grades or less ("grade school")   2) 9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency   3) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency   4) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training   5) Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)   6) BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB   8) Don't know   9) NA; head of family not determined (1986)

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
8 grades or less ("grade school")	4068	18.3%	18.3%	-1.37
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	3332	15%	33.3%	-.83
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	4321	19.4%	52.7%	-.28
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	2906	13.1%	65.8%	.26
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	3522	15.8%	81.6%	.8
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	3716	16.7%	98.4%	1.34
Don't know	115	.5%	98.9%	2.42
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	249	1.1%	100%	2.97

Variable Comparisons

Gender Race Age Education Religion Church attendance

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	18.6% 1803	18.0% 2265	18.3% 4068
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	13.7% 1328	16.0% 2004	15.0% 3332
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	17.4% 1684	21.0% 2637	19.4% 4321
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	13.9% 1348	12.4% 1558	13.1% 2906
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	16.8% 1623	15.1% 1899	15.8% 3522
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	18.3% 1772	15.5% 1944	16.7% 3716
Don't know	0.3% 33	0.7% 82	0.5% 115
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	0.9% 87	1.3% 162	1.1% 249
TOTAL	100.0% 9678	100.0% 12551	22229

Race (I-RACE)

	White	Black	Asian	Native American	Hispanic	Other	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	16.8% 3176	28.0% 659	1.2% 1	18.2% 61	28.1% 133	38.5% 25	18.3% 4055
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	14.0% 2641	22.1% 520	9.4% 8	19.3% 65	16.2% 77	21.5% 14	15.0% 3325
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	19.6% 3688	18.4% 434	14.1% 12	22.0% 74	19.4% 92	13.8% 9	19.4% 4309
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	13.6% 2562	9.9% 234	4.7% 4	14.3% 48	10.1% 48	7.7% 5	13.1% 2901
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	16.3% 3074	12.2% 288	22.4% 19	16.1% 54	14.3% 68	10.8% 7	15.8% 3510
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	18.2% 3423	7.1% 167	47.1% 40	8.6% 29	9.7% 46	7.7% 5	16.7% 3710
Don't know	0.4% 83	1.0% 23	1.2% 1	0.9% 3	0.8% 4	0.0% 0	0.5% 114
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	1.1% 206	1.3% 30	0.0% 0	0.6% 2	1.3% 6	0.0% 0	1.1% 244
TOTAL	100.0% 18853	100.0% 2355	100.0% 85	100.0% 336	100.0% 474	100.0% 65	22168

Age (I-AGE)

	17-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65 and older	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	6.2% 161	5.3% 268	10.5% 427	18.5% 646	29.3% 930	42.6% 1608	18.3% 4040
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	14.1% 367	12.7% 636	13.9% 564	17.1% 598	17.4% 553	16.0% 606	15.0% 3324
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	25.7% 668	21.5% 1078	20.3% 827	19.8% 691	17.1% 541	13.3% 502	19.5% 4307
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	14.8% 383	14.5% 727	14.5% 588	13.7% 478	12.5% 396	8.6% 323	13.1% 2895
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	22.9% 595	21.9% 1099	16.8% 681	12.9% 452	10.9% 344	9.0% 338	15.9% 3509
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	12.9% 335	22.7% 1138	23.1% 939	16.7% 583	11.8% 373	8.7% 329	16.7% 3697
Don't know	1.5% 40	0.3% 15	0.3% 12	0.5% 17	0.3% 9	0.6% 21	0.5% 114
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	1.8% 46	1.0% 50	0.7% 27	0.9% 33	0.8% 24	1.3% 49	1.0% 229
TOTAL	100.0% 2595	100.0% 5011	100.0% 4065	100.0% 3498	100.0% 3170	100.0% 3776	22115

Education (I-EDUC)

	Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	High school (12 grades or fewer)	Some college (13 grades or more but no degree)	College or advanced degree	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	89.3% 3354	5.6% 614	1.7% 70	0.7% 22	18.4% 4060
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	4.3% 160	27.7% 3039	2.7% 108	0.8% 25	15.1% 3332
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	2.7% 102	35.0% 3842	6.8% 275	2.9% 96	19.5% 4315
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	1.3% 48	21.5% 2366	10.5% 427	1.9% 64	13.1% 2905
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	0.9% 35	5.5% 606	66.6% 2699	5.5% 181	15.9% 3521
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	0.3% 11	3.3% 367	10.5% 424	87.8% 2908	16.8% 3710
Don't know	0.5% 19	0.6% 71	0.3% 14	0.1% 2	0.5% 106
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	0.7% 27	0.8% 84	0.9% 37	0.4% 13	0.7% 161
TOTAL	100.0% 3756	100.0% 10989	100.0% 4054	100.0% 3311	22110

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Protestant	Catholic	Jewish	Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	20.0% 2962	16.7% 852	10.3% 56	11.2% 186	18.4% 4056
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	16.3% 2406	13.4% 684	5.5% 30	12.0% 200	15.0% 3320
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	19.0% 2810	22.3% 1137	12.8% 70	17.2% 285	19.5% 4302
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	13.1% 1935	13.8% 702	8.3% 45	12.7% 210	13.1% 2892
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	15.0% 2225	16.0% 814	22.8% 124	20.5% 341	15.9% 3504
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	15.2% 2245	16.1% 819	39.1% 213	24.9% 413	16.7% 3690
Don't know	0.5% 76	0.5% 27	0.2% 1	0.6% 10	0.5% 114
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	0.9% 131	1.2% 60	1.1% 6	0.9% 15	1.0% 212
TOTAL	100.0% 14790	100.0% 5095	100.0% 545	100.0% 1660	22090

Church attendance (I-ATTEND)

	Every week	Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	Once or twice a month	A few times a year	Never	No religious preference (1970-1988)	TOTAL
8 grades or less ("grade school")	18.3% 869	16.6% 314	17.4% 394	14.6% 747	18.8% 432	10.8% 131	16.5% 2887
9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	11.9% 567	12.1% 228	15.7% 355	16.0% 819	16.7% 384	11.6% 141	14.2% 2494
12 grades, diploma or equivalency	19.2% 915	18.4% 348	19.2% 434	21.9% 1125	18.8% 430	18.6% 226	19.8% 3478
12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	13.3% 633	15.0% 284	13.4% 303	14.2% 729	14.6% 335	13.2% 161	13.9% 2445
Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	15.9% 757	15.5% 292	17.1% 386	16.3% 836	16.2% 372	20.7% 252	16.5% 2895
BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	19.8% 942	21.3% 403	15.8% 357	15.3% 783	13.3% 305	23.9% 291	17.6% 3081
Don't know	0.4% 17	0.6% 12	0.6% 13	0.7% 37	0.7% 16	0.6% 7	0.6% 102
NA; head of family not determined (1986)	1.2% 55	0.4% 8	0.8% 17	1.0% 50	0.8% 19	0.7% 9	0.9% 158
TOTAL	100.0% 4755	100.0% 1889	100.0% 2259	100.0% 5126	100.0% 2293	100.0% 1218	17540