Taiwan Social Change Survey, 1999

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PREVLIF3 In our society, there are the following sayings. Do you believe in them? Working like a dog for one's children is a debt from a previous life.   1) Yes, very much   2) Yes, somewhat   3) No, not really   4) No, not at all   7) Don't know or forgot   9) Refuse

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes, very much	311	16.2%	16.2%	-1.23
Yes, somewhat	572	29.7%	45.9%	-.55
No, not really	589	30.6%	76.5%	.12
No, not at all	325	16.9%	93.4%	.8
Don't know or forgot	123	6.4%	99.7%	2.82
Refuse	5	.3%	100%	4.17

Variable Comparisons

Age Education Gender Household income Marital status Religion

Age (I-AGE)

	22-30	31-40	41-45	46-50	51-60	61-68	TOTAL
Yes, very much	30.6% 59	23.7% 69	16.4% 47	12.7% 37	12.6% 66	9.7% 33	16.2% 311
Yes, somewhat	30.6% 59	26.1% 76	29.3% 84	32.5% 95	28.7% 150	31.8% 108	29.7% 572
No, not really	15.5% 30	22.3% 65	29.3% 84	29.8% 87	35.6% 186	40.3% 137	30.6% 589
No, not at all	12.4% 24	18.6% 54	18.1% 52	18.5% 54	18.2% 95	13.5% 46	16.9% 325
Don't know or forgot	10.4% 20	8.9% 26	7.0% 20	6.2% 18	4.4% 23	4.7% 16	6.4% 123
Refuse	0.5% 1	0.3% 1	0.0% 0	0.3% 1	0.4% 2	0.0% 0	0.3% 5
TOTAL	100.0% 193	100.0% 291	100.0% 287	100.0% 292	100.0% 522	100.0% 340	1925

Education (I-EDUC)

	None, self-study or Elementary	Junior high school (including vocational)	High school (HS)	Vocational HS (or cadet)	Junior college (of any kind)	College or Grad school	TOTAL
Yes, very much	29.5% 129	17.7% 50	16.1% 39	11.8% 43	9.6% 29	6.6% 19	16.2% 309
Yes, somewhat	32.7% 143	33.0% 93	30.6% 74	30.5% 111	28.9% 87	20.2% 58	29.6% 566
No, not really	15.3% 67	26.6% 75	32.6% 79	35.7% 130	37.2% 112	43.2% 124	30.7% 587
No, not at all	11.7% 51	14.5% 41	16.9% 41	15.1% 55	19.9% 60	26.1% 75	16.9% 323
Don't know or forgot	10.3% 45	8.2% 23	3.3% 8	6.6% 24	4.0% 12	3.8% 11	6.4% 123
Refuse	0.5% 2	0.0% 0	0.4% 1	0.3% 1	0.3% 1	0.0% 0	0.3% 5
TOTAL	100.0% 437	100.0% 282	100.0% 242	100.0% 364	100.0% 301	100.0% 287	1913

Gender (I-GENDER)

	Male	Female	TOTAL
Yes, very much	12.1% 116	20.2% 195	16.2% 311
Yes, somewhat	28.5% 274	30.9% 298	29.7% 572
No, not really	32.8% 316	28.3% 273	30.6% 589
No, not at all	20.5% 197	13.3% 128	16.9% 325
Don't know or forgot	5.8% 56	7.0% 67	6.4% 123
Refuse	0.3% 3	0.2% 2	0.3% 5
TOTAL	100.0% 962	100.0% 963	1925

Household income (I-INCOME)

	NT$20,001 or less	NT$30,001-40,000	NT$40,001-60,000	NT$60,001-80,000	NT$80,001-120,000	More than NT$120,000	TOTAL
Yes, very much	27.7% 89	20.3% 52	17.1% 71	10.4% 26	9.8% 32	9.0% 18	16.3% 288
Yes, somewhat	28.0% 90	31.6% 81	29.0% 120	33.6% 84	31.3% 102	21.1% 42	29.4% 519
No, not really	20.6% 66	26.6% 68	30.2% 125	35.6% 89	35.0% 114	44.7% 89	31.2% 551
No, not at all	12.8% 41	14.5% 37	16.2% 67	16.8% 42	20.9% 68	19.6% 39	16.6% 294
Don't know or forgot	10.6% 34	7.0% 18	7.5% 31	3.2% 8	3.1% 10	5.5% 11	6.3% 112
Refuse	0.3% 1	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.4% 1	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.1% 2
TOTAL	100.0% 321	100.0% 256	100.0% 414	100.0% 250	100.0% 326	100.0% 199	1766

Marital status (I-MARITAL)

	Unmarried	Married	Other (please specify)	TOTAL
Yes, very much	11.3% 53	17.7% 257	0.00% 0	16.2% 310
Yes, somewhat	30.5% 143	29.4% 427	0.00% 0	29.7% 570
No, not really	35.6% 167	29.0% 420	0.00% 0	30.6% 587
No, not at all	16.4% 77	17.0% 247	0.00% 0	16.9% 324
Don't know or forgot	6.0% 28	6.6% 95	0.00% 0	6.4% 123
Refuse	0.2% 1	0.3% 4	0.00% 0	0.3% 5
TOTAL	100.0% 469	100.0% 1450	100.0% 0	1919

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	"I have no religious belief"	Folk religion of any kind	Buddhism (any sect)	Taoism	Christian (includes Cath and Prot)	All other religions (including mixes of religions)	TOTAL
Yes, very much	5.7% 15	17.4% 112	20.2% 102	15.9% 39	10.1% 14	22.5% 29	16.2% 311
Yes, somewhat	21.4% 56	35.1% 226	30.8% 156	29.4% 72	15.1% 21	31.0% 40	29.7% 571
No, not really	38.2% 100	27.4% 176	28.9% 146	31.8% 78	37.4% 52	28.7% 37	30.6% 589
No, not at all	27.9% 73	12.9% 83	14.2% 72	14.3% 35	34.5% 48	10.9% 14	16.9% 325
Don't know or forgot	6.5% 17	6.8% 44	5.7% 29	8.2% 20	2.9% 4	7.0% 9	6.4% 123
Refuse	0.4% 1	0.3% 2	0.2% 1	0.4% 1	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.3% 5
TOTAL	100.0% 262	100.0% 643	100.0% 506	100.0% 245	100.0% 139	100.0% 129	1924