The Association of Religion Data Archives | Data Archive | American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

American National Election Studies, Cumulative Data File, 1948-2004

Data Archive > U.S. Surveys > General Population > National > National Election Studies > Codebook

Summary
Codebook
Search
Download

1) Version of Cumulative Data File (VERSION)

2) Year of study (4-digit) (VCF0004)

	TOTAL	%
1948)	662	1.4
1952)	1899	4.0
1954)	1139	2.4
1956)	1762	3.7
1958)	1450	3.1
1960)	1181	2.5
1962)	1297	2.7
1964)	1571	3.3
1966)	1291	2.7
1968)	1557	3.3
1970)	1507	3.2
1972)	2705	5.7
1974)	1575	3.3
1976)	2248	4.7
1978)	2304	4.9
1980)	1614	3.4
1982)	1418	3.0
1984)	2257	4.8
1986)	2176	4.6
1988)	2040	4.3
1990)	1980	4.2
1992)	2485	5.2
1994)	1795	3.8
1996)	1714	3.6
1998)	1281	2.7
2000)	1807	3.8
2002)	1511	3.2
2004)	1212	2.6
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

3) Study Respondent Number (Case identification number -- In Pre-Post Studies, this is the Pre case ID) (VCF0006)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1316.316	1051

4) Unique Respondent Number (Unique identification number) (VCF0006A)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	19779619.148	150714

5) Type 0 general weight variable (VCF0009)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.057	0

6) Type 0 weight -- post-stratified (VCF0009A)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.057	0

7) Type 1 general weight variable (VCF0010)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.043	0

8) Type 1 weight -- post-stratified (VCF0010A)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.057	0

9) Type 2 general weight variable (VCF0011)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.043	0

10) Type 2 weight -- post-stratified (VCF0011A)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	47438	1.057	0

11) Form or interview type of paper questionnaire (VCF0012)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1970: Type 1; 1972: Form I; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form A	5721	46.9
2) 1970: Type 2; 1972: Form II; 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994: Form B	5684	46.6
9) NA	798	6.5
Missing	35235
TOTAL	12203	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

12) CAI Question selection ("form") summary -- Pre (VCF0012A)

	TOTAL	%
0) 1996: F1-F4 and H4-H8; 2004: No Pre patriotism module (post patriotism module)	1028	16.5
1) 1996: No F1-F4; 2000: Both E and F6-F9, with Clinton traits and affects; 2002: K1 spending items; 2004: Pre patriotism module	1994	31.9
2) 1996: No H4-H8; 2000: Both E and F6-F9, without Clinton traits and affects; 2002: K2 spending items	1205	19.3
3) 2000: E, not F6-F9, with Clinton traits and affects	890	14.3
4) 2000: E, not F6-F9, without Clinton traits and affects	247	4.0
5) 2000: F6-F9, not E, with Clinton traits and affects	240	3.8
6) 2000: F6-F9, not E, without Clinton traits and affects	439	7.0
7) 2000: Neither E nor F6-F9, with Clinton traits and affects	49	0.8
8) 2000: Neither E nor F6-F9, without Clinton traits and affects	152	2.4
Missing	41194
TOTAL	6244	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

13) CAI Question selection ("form") summary -- Post (VCF0012B)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1996: F1-F4, H1-H1b; 2000: Section H, with Clinton traits and affects; 2002: L1-D3-K4; 2004: Post patriotism module	1583	25.4
2) 1996: F1-F4 only (not administered H1-H1b); 2000: Section H, without Clinton traits and affects; 2002: L1-D3-K5; 2004: No Post patriotism module (Pre patriotism module)	1561	25.0
3) 1996: H1-H1b only (not administered F1-F4); 2000: No section H, Clinton traits and affects; 2002: L1-D4-K4	860	13.8
4) 1996: Neither F1-F4 nor H1-H1b; 2000: No section H, no Clinton traits and affects; 2002: L1-D4-K5	951	15.2
5) 2002: L2-D3-K4	164	2.6
6) 2002: L2-D3-K5	171	2.7
7) 2002: L2-D4-K4	179	2.9
8) 2002: L2-D4-K5	178	2.9
9) No Post IW in study with Post-assigned ‘forms'	597	9.6
Missing	41194
TOTAL	6244	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

14) Post-election interview data present (VCF0013)

	TOTAL	%
0) No post-election interview data	4197	8.8
1) Post-election interview data present	43241	91.2
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

15) Pre-election interview data present. (VCF0014)

	TOTAL	%
0) No pre-election interview data present	18275	38.5
1) Pre-election interview data present	29163	61.5
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

16) Abbreviated interview form -- Pre (VCF0015A)

	TOTAL	%
0) Pre IW not abbreviated	26066	91.9
1) Abbreviated Pre IW	2267	8.0
2) Spanish Pre IW	22	0.1
Missing	19083
TOTAL	28355	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

17) Abbreviated interview form -- Post (VCF0015B)

	TOTAL	%
0) Post IW is not abbreviated	41449	95.4
1) Abbreviated Post IW	1914	4.4
2) Additional abbreviated Post IWs	82	0.2
Missing	3993
TOTAL	43445	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

18) Sample component: "new" cross-section or panel case (VCF0016)

	TOTAL	%
0) Fresh Cross case	38987	82.2
1) Panel case	8451	17.8
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

19) Mode of interview: personal ("face-to-face") or telephone (VCF0017)

	TOTAL	%
0) Personal (pre-post studies: personal pre and post or personal pre and no post; post studies: personal post)	41593	87.7
1) Telephone pre (personal post or no post)	206	0.4
2) Telephone post (personal pre or no pre)	3192	6.7
3) Telephone pre and post	2447	5.2
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

20) Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language? What language? (VCF0018A)

	TOTAL	%
0) Interview conducted entirely in English	29221	99.5
1) Some or all of interview translated into Spanish	104	0.4
3) Some or all of interview translated into French	2	0.0
5) Some or all of interview translated to non-English language other than Spanish or French	1	0.0
9) NA if English or other language	36	0.1
Missing	18074
TOTAL	29364	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

21) Was this interview conducted entirely in English, or was it necessary to translate some (or all) questions into another language? What language? (VCF0018B)

	TOTAL	%
0) Interview conducted entirely in English	42386	97.7
1) Some or all of interview translated to Spanish	85	0.2
3) Some or all of interview translated to French	1	0.0
4) Some or all of interview conducted in either Spanish or French	15	0.0
5) Some or all of interview translated to non-English language other than Spanish or French	7	0.0
7) Some or all of interview translated to non-English language but NA which language	2	0.0
9) NA if English or other language	891	2.1
Missing	4051
TOTAL	43387	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

22) Respondent's relationship to head of household 1952-1986 (VCF0019)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Pre IW (1952, 1960)	117	0.4
1) Respondent is head of household	16796	58.9
2) Respondent is spouse of head of household	9771	34.3
3) Respondent is neither head of household nor spouse of head	1790	6.3
9) NA	41	0.1
Missing	18923
TOTAL	28515	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

23) PRE INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION: Respondent's general level of information about politics and public affairs seemed: (VCF0050A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very high	2772	13.1
2) Fairly high	5697	26.9
3) Average	7201	34.0
4) Fairly low	3813	18.0
5) Very low	1471	7.0
9) NA	196	0.9
Missing	26288
TOTAL	21150	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

24) POST INTERVIEWER OBSERVATION: Respondent's general level of information about politics and public affairs seemed: (VCF0050B)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Post IW; abbreviated Post IW (1984)	1656	5.6
1) Very high	2803	9.5
2) Fairly high	6401	21.7
3) Average	9624	32.6
4) Fairly low	5553	18.8
5) Very low	2391	8.1
9) NA	1056	3.6
Missing	17954
TOTAL	29484	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

25) Pre interviewer gender (VCF0070A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Male	1549	14.4
2) Female	8960	83.2
9) NA	260	2.4
Missing	36669
TOTAL	10769	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

26) Post interviewer gender (VCF0070B)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Post IW	345	2.5
1) Male	1566	11.4
2) Female	11545	83.8
9) NA	329	2.4
Missing	33653
TOTAL	13785	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

27) Pre interviewer race -- full (VCF0071A)

	TOTAL	%
1) White	8758	91.6
2) Black	469	4.9
3) Native American	63	0.7
4) Asian	20	0.2
7) Other	80	0.8
9) NA	167	1.7
Missing	37881
TOTAL	9557	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

28) Post interviewer race -- full (VCF0071B)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Post IW	345	2.7
1) White	11369	90.4
2) Black	416	3.3
3) Native American	39	0.3
4) Asian	31	0.2
7) Other	73	0.6
9) NA	300	2.4
Missing	34865
TOTAL	12573	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

29) Pre interviewer race 2-category (VCF0071C)

	TOTAL	%
1) White	9634	89.5
2) Nonwhite	867	8.1
9) NA	268	2.5
Missing	36669
TOTAL	10769	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

30) Post interviewer race 2-category (VCF0071D)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Post IW	345	2.5
1) White	12269	89.0
2) Nonwhite	784	5.7
9) NA	387	2.8
Missing	33653
TOTAL	13785	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

31) Pre interviewer ethnicity (VCF0072A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Non-Hispanic	8445	88.4
2) Hispanic	429	4.5
7) Other	516	5.4
9) NA	167	1.7
Missing	37881
TOTAL	9557	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

32) Post interviewer ethnicity (VCF0072B)

	TOTAL	%
0) No Post IW	345	2.7
1) Non-Hispanic	10443	83.1
2) Hispanic	524	4.2
7) Other	906	7.2
9) NA	355	2.8
Missing	34865
TOTAL	12573	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

33) What is the month, day and year of your birth? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0101)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	45637	45.449	18

34) What is the month, day and year of your birth? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0102)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA/Don't know/Refused/No Pre IW	328	0.7
1) 17-24	4570	9.6
2) 25-34	10246	21.6
3) 35-44	9883	20.8
4) 45-54	7840	16.5
5) 55-64	6537	13.8
6) 65-74	5085	10.7
7) 75-99 and over	2949	6.2
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

35) What is the month, day and year of your birth? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0103)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA/Don't know/Refused/No Pre IW	359	0.8
1) 1975- present	774	1.6
2) 1959-1974	5741	12.1
3) 1943-1958	11183	23.6
4) 1927-1942	10011	21.1
5) 1911-1926	10998	23.2
6) 1895-1910	6169	13.0
7) Before 1895	2203	4.6
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

36) Respondent's gender (VCF0104)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA; no Pre IW	103	0.2
1) Male	21018	44.3
2) Female	26317	55.5
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

37) What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0105)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA/Other/No Pre IW/short-form "new" Cross Section or Spanish language (1992)	3160	6.7
1) White	39115	82.5
2) Black	5163	10.9
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

38) What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0106)

	TOTAL	%
1) White	39115	82.8
2) Black	5163	10.9
3) Other	2652	5.6
9) Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/short-form "new" Cross Section or Spanish language (1992)	331	0.7
Missing	177
TOTAL	47261	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

39) What racial or ethnic group or groups best describes you? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0106A)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know/NA/no Pre IW/short-form "new" Cross Section or Spanish language (1992)	338	0.7
1) White	39115	82.5
2) Black	5163	10.9
3) Asian	370	0.8
4) Native American	824	1.7
5) Hispanic	1487	3.1
7) Other	141	0.3
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

40) In addition to being American, what do you consider your main ethnic group or nationality group? (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP MENTIONED:) Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent? (IF YES:) Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best describes your Hispanic origin. (VCF0107)

	TOTAL	%
0) Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	4	0.0
1) Yes, Mexican-American, Chicano	854	3.3
2) Yes, Puerto Rican	234	0.9
3) Yes, other Hispanic	638	2.5
4) Yes, Hispanic but don't know which type	46	0.2
7) No, not Hispanic	23455	91.6
8) Don't know if Hispanic	100	0.4
9) NA if Hispanic	263	1.0
Missing	21844
TOTAL	25594	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

41) In addition to being American, what do you consider your main ethnic group or nationality group? (IF NO HISPANIC GROUP MENTIONED:) Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent? (IF YES:) Please look at the booklet and tell me which category best describes your Hispanic origin. (VCF0108)

	TOTAL	%
0) Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	4	0.0
1) Yes, respondent is Hispanic	1772	6.9
2) No, respondent is not Hispanic	23455	91.6
8) Don't know	100	0.4
9) NA	263	1.0
Missing	21844
TOTAL	25594	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

42) In addition to being an American what do you consider your main ethnic group or nationality group? (IF MORE THAN 1 GROUP MENTIONED:) With which of these groups do you most closely identify? (VCF0109)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	28307	549.243	312

43) What is the highest degree that you have earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0110)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know/NA/No Pre IW/Short-form "new" cross section (1992)	470	1.0
1) Grade school or less (0-8 grades)	7830	16.5
2) High school (12 grades or fewer, including non-college training if applicable)	21888	46.1
3) Some college (13 grades or more but no degree; 1948 ONLY: college, no identification of degree status)	9191	19.4
4) College or advanced degree (no cases 1948)	8059	17.0
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

44) Urbanism (VCF0111)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA; telephone (RDD) sample (2000)	801	1.8
1) Central cities	11479	26.1
2) Suburban areas	15586	35.4
3) Rural, small towns, outlying and adjacent areas	16187	36.7
Missing	3385
TOTAL	44053	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

45) Region -- U.S. Census (VCF0112)

	TOTAL	%
1) Northeast (CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT)	9350	20.5
2) North Central (IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, ND, OH, SD, WI)	12775	28.0
3) South (AL, AR, DE, D.C., FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV)	15497	34.0
4) West (AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY)	8015	17.6
Missing	1801
TOTAL	45637	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

46) Region -- political south (VCF0113)

	TOTAL	%
1) South	13136	28.8
2) Nonsouth	32501	71.2
Missing	1801
TOTAL	45637	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

47) Please look at this card/page and tell me the letter of the income group that includes the income of all members of your family living here in [previous year] before taxes. This figure should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all other income. (IF UNCERTAIN:) What would be your best guess? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0114)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know/NA/Refused to answer/No Pre IW	3443	7.5
1) 0 to 16 percentile	7210	15.7
2) 17 to 33 percentile	7076	15.4
3) 34 to 67 percentile	13775	30.0
4) 68 to 95 percentile	12077	26.3
5) 96 to 100 percentile	2346	5.1
Missing	1511
TOTAL	45927	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

48) What is your main occupation? What are your most important activities or duties? (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do on your last regular job? What were your most important activities or duties? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0115)

	TOTAL	%
0) NA/Member of armed forces/No occupation and not a homemakers/No Pre IW	1537	3.7
1) Professional and managerial	9719	23.4
2) Clerical and sales workers	7180	17.3
3) Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers	12708	30.6
4) Laborers, except farm	1173	2.8
5) Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen	1379	3.3
6) Homemakers	7842	18.9
Missing	5900
TOTAL	41538	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

49) We'd like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0116)

	TOTAL	%
1) Working now	19320	60.1
2) Temporarily laid off	366	1.1
4) Unemployed	1291	4.0
5) Retired	4768	14.8
6) Permanently disabled	912	2.8
7) Homemaker	4453	13.9
8) Student	814	2.5
9) NA/Don't know	198	0.6
Missing	15316
TOTAL	32122	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

50) 1948: What is [head's] occupation, I mean, what kind of work does (head) do? 1972-1978: We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working now, looking for work, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? 1980-1986: We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980, 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984, 1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (VCF0117)

	TOTAL	%
1) Working now	11863	70.0
2) Temporarily laid off	239	1.4
4) Unemployed (1972 adds "looking for work")	579	3.4
5) Retired	2664	15.7
6) Permanently disabled	529	3.1
7) Housewife (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	777	4.6
8) Student (not working at least 20 hrs. per week)	202	1.2
9) NA/Don't know	106	0.6
Missing	30479
TOTAL	16959	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

51) We'd like to know if you are working now, temporarily laid off, or are you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED:) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0118)

	TOTAL	%
1) Employed	25469	59.4
2) Not employed: laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled, other (Exc.: retired, student, housewife)	2723	6.3
3) Retired	5572	13.0
4) Homemaker (since 1972: not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1968-1970: if identifies self as "housewife"; 1956-1964: not working at all; 1952: not working full time)	7715	18.0
5) Student (since 1972: not working 20 or more hrs/wk; 1970: if identifies self as "student"; 1968: if identifies self as student -- unless working full time days [coded "employed"]; 1956-1964: full or part time day student, working or not; 1952: not employed full time)	1064	2.5
9) DK/NA/No Pre IW	358	0.8
Missing	4537
TOTAL	42901	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

52) 1968, 1970: Is (the head) presently employed, or is (he/she) unemployed, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? 1972-1978: We'd also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working now, looking for work, retired, (a housewife), (a student), or what? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? 1980-1986: We'd like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980, 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984, 1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (VCF0119)

	TOTAL	%
1) Employed	20855	73.1
2) Not employed: Laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife	1627	5.7
3) Retired (1966 adds "over 65")	4101	14.4
4) Homemaker	1338	4.7
5) Student	271	1.0
9) DK/NA/No Pre IW	323	1.1
Missing	18923
TOTAL	28515	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

53) Prestige Score: Duncan S.E.I. score for respondent (VCF0120)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	9841	344.819	263

54) Prestige Score: Duncan S.E.I. score for head (VCF0121)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	9841	404.627	262

55) NORC Prestige score for respondent (VCF0122)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	7584	346.314	216

56) NORC Prestige score for head (VCF0123)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	7584	420.97	199

57) Prestige Score: Duncan S.E.S. score for respondent (VCF0124)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	7344	30.405	28

58) Prestige Score: Duncan S.E.S. score for head (VCF0125)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	8635	39.265	28

59) What kind of work did your father do for a living while you were growing up? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0126)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know; NA; father wasn't living/not raised by father/no information for parental surrogate; member of armed forces; father not in labor force; no Pre IW; short-form or Spanish language (1992)	2685	7.7
1) Professional and managerial	6541	18.8
2) Clerical and sales workers	2199	6.3
3) Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers	12220	35.2
4) Laborers, except farm	2145	6.2
5) Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen	8964	25.8
Missing	12684
TOTAL	34754	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

60) What kind of work did your father (SINCE 1978: [or father surrogate]) do for a living while you were growing up? (VCF0126A)

	TOTAL	%
0) Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for parental surrogate	127	1.6
1) Professional, technical and kindred workers	580	7.2
2) Managers, officials and proprietors exc. farm	1000	12.4
3) Clerical and kindred workers, sales workers	411	5.1
4) Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers and authoritative protective service workers	1426	17.7
5) Operative and kindred workers	1163	14.5
6) Service workers, including private household workers and (exc. authoritative) protective service workers	171	2.1
7) Laborers, except farm	529	6.6
8) Farm laborers and foremen; farmers; owners, managers, tenant farmers and sharecroppers	2156	26.8
9) Occupation not reported (NA); members of armed forces; not in labor force	472	5.9
Missing	39403
TOTAL	8035	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

61) What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a living while you were growing up? (VCF0126B)

	TOTAL	%
0) Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for parental surrogate	75	1.1
1) Professional, technical, and kindred workers	684	9.7
2) Managers and administrators, except farm	876	12.4
3) Sales workers	287	4.1
4) Clerical and kindred workers	171	2.4
5) Craftsmen and kindred workers	1374	19.5
6) Operatives, except transport	707	10.0
7) Transport equipment operatives	350	5.0
8) Laborers, except farm	408	5.8
9) Farmers (owners and tenants), farm managers, farmer -- NA type	1186	16.8
10) Farm foremen, farm laborer (wage-worker)	100	1.4
11) Service workers, except private household and government protective services	183	2.6
12) Government protective services: firemen; police; marshals and constables	86	1.2
13) Private household workers	1	0.0
14) Member of armed services	151	2.1
15) Not in labor force	10	0.1
98) Don't know	151	2.1
99) NA	250	3.5
Missing	40388
TOTAL	7050	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

62) What kind of work did your father or father surrogate do for a living while you were growing up? What was his main occupation? (SINCE 1986:) What were his most important activities or duties? What kind of business or industry was that? (VCF0126C)

	TOTAL	%
0) Father wasn't living; not raised by father; no parallel information for parental surrogate; short form or Spanish language questionnaire (1992)	373	4.2
1) Executive, administrative, and managerial	835	9.3
2) Professional specialty occupations	666	7.4
3) Technicians and related support occupations	69	0.8
4) Sales occupation	605	6.8
5) Administrative support, including clerical	215	2.4
7) Protective service	136	1.5
8) Service exc. Protective and household	208	2.3
9) Farming, forestry and fishing occupations	1802	20.1
10) Precision production, craft, and repair occupations	1921	21.4
11) Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors	678	7.6
12) Transportation and material, moving occupations	583	6.5
13) Handler, equipment cleaners, helpers and laborers	409	4.6
14) Member of armed forces	208	2.3
15) Not in labor force	21	0.2
98) Don't know	118	1.3
99) NA	111	1.2
Missing	38480
TOTAL	8958	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

63) Do you or anyone else in this household belong to a labor union? (IF YES:) Who is it that belongs? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0127)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know; NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	447	1.0
1) Yes, someone (1948: head) in household belongs to a labor union	10004	22.2
2) No, no one in the household belongs to a labor union	34691	76.8
Missing	2296
TOTAL	45142	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

64) (1988-LATER EXC. 2002: Do you or [1988: does] anyone else; 2002; Does anyone) in this household belong to a union? (IF YES:) Who is it that belongs? (VCF0127A)

	TOTAL	%
0) No one	13141	83.0
11) Respondent only	1449	9.2
12) Spouse only	713	4.5
13) Other household member only	217	1.4
21) Respondent and spouse	191	1.2
22) Respondent and other household member	27	0.2
23) Spouse and other household member	5	0.0
31) Respondent, spouse, and other household member	4	0.0
99) Don't know; NA; Don't know/NA if anyone in union; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	78	0.5
Missing	31613
TOTAL	15825	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

65) Do you or anyone else in this household belong to a labor union? (IF YES:) Who is it that belongs? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0127B)

	TOTAL	%
0) No one	34389	77.6
1) Respondent only	4923	11.1
2) Someone other than respondent only	3876	8.7
3) Respondent and someone other than respondent	714	1.6
9) Don't know; NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section	438	1.0
Missing	3098
TOTAL	44340	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

66) Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what? (IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or denomination? (IF YES:) Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0128)

	TOTAL	%
0) Don't know; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	504	1.1
1) Protestant	30620	64.5
2) Catholic [Roman Catholic]	10962	23.1
3) Jewish	1171	2.5
4) Other and none (also includes don't know preference)	4181	8.8
TOTAL	47438	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

67) Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or something else? (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or denomination is that? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0128A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Mainline Protestant	8832	34.7
2) Evangelical Protestant	7599	29.9
3) Catholic [Roman Catholic]	5827	22.9
4) Jewish	613	2.4
5) Non-traditional orthodox	554	2.2
6) Non-Christian/Non-Jewish	171	0.7
7) Atheist, agnostic, none	1595	6.3
9) Don't know; NA; refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	253	1.0
Missing	21994
TOTAL	25444	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

68) (IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what? (IF R DOESN'T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or denomination? (IF YES:) Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, or what? ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF PROTESTANT: (IF BAPTIST:) With which Baptist group is your church associated? Is it the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Churches in the USA, the American Baptist Association, [1992-LATER: the National Baptist Convention U.S.A.,] an independent Baptist church or some other Baptist group? (IF INDEPENDENT BAPTIST:) Are you affiliated with any larger Baptist group or is this strictly a local church? (IF LUTHERAN:) Is this church part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Missouri Synod, or some other Lutheran group? (IF METHODIST:) Is your church part of the United Methodist Church, African Methodist Episcopal, or some other Methodist group? (IF PRESBYTERIAN:) Is this the Presbyterian Church in the USA or some other Presbyterian group? (IF REFORMED:) Is this the Christian Reformed Church, the Reformed Church in America, or some other Reformed group? (IF BRETHREN:) Is this the Church of the Brethren, the Plymouth Brethren, or what? (IF CHRISTIAN OR JUST CHRISTIAN:) When you say "Christian" does that mean the denomination called the "Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)," or some other Christian denomination, or do you mean to say "I am just a Christian?" (IF CHURCH OR CHURCHES OF CHRIST:) Is this the Church of Christ or United Church of Christ? (IF CHURCH OF GOD:) Is this the Church of God of Anderson Indiana, the Church of God of Cleveland Tennessee, the Church of God in Christ, or some other Church of God? (IF HOLINESS OR PENTECOSTAL:) What kind of church is that? What is it called exactly? Is that part of a larger church or denomination? What is that church called? ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF OTHER: What is it called exactly? Is that church part of a denomination? Is that group Christian? ATTENDS/CONSIDERS SELF JEWISH: Do you usually attend a synagogue or temple that is Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or what? / Do you consider yourself Orthodox, Conservative, Reform or what? ALL CHRISTIANS: Which one of these words BEST describes your kind of Christianity: Fundamentalist, Evangelical, Charismatic or Spirit-Filled, Moderate to Liberal? Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is, have you personally had a conversion experience related to Jesus Christ? (VCF0128B)

	TOTAL	%
0) Mainline Protestant	1677	21.0
1) Evangelical Protestant	2208	27.7
2) Black Protestant Church	80	1.0
3) Catholic [Roman Catholic]	1681	21.1
4) Jewish	131	1.6
5) Non-traditional Orthodox	138	1.7
6) Non-Christian/Non-Jewish	57	0.7
7) Atheist, agnostic, none	911	11.4
9) Don't know; NA; Refused to answer; no Pre IW; no Post IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992); "new" Cross Section (1994)	1091	13.7
Missing	39464
TOTAL	7974	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

69) Is your religious preference PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or something else? (IF PROTESTANT OR OTHER:) What church or denomination is that? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0129)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	26955	217.266	233

70) Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals? (IF YES:) Do you go to religious services every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, or never? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0130)

	TOTAL	%
0) INAP religion (1970-1988); atheists and agnostics are INAP (1972, 1986 only); short-form "new" Cross Section	180	0.5
1) Every week (Except 1970: almost every week)	8891	26.4
2) Almost every week (no cases in 1970)	3717	11.1
3) Once or twice a month	4512	13.4
4) A few times a year	7813	23.2
5) Never (1990 and later: "No" in filter)	6906	20.5
7) No religious preference (1970-1988)	1395	4.1
8) Don't know how often/Don't know if attend	16	0.0
9) NA how often/NA if attend	199	0.6
Missing	13809
TOTAL	33629	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

71) Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals? (IF YES:) Do you go to religious services every week, almost every week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, or never? (IF R SAYS HE/SHE GOES TO RELIGIOUS SERVICES EVERY WEEK:) Would you say you go to religious services once a week or more often than once a week? (VCF0130A)

	TOTAL	%
0) Every week -- more than once a week	1696	12.3
1) Every week -- once a week or NA if once a week/more than once a week	1928	14.0
2) Almost every week	1605	11.6
3) Once or twice a month	1964	14.2
4) A few times a year	2111	15.3
5) Never ("No" in filter)	4366	31.7
8) Don't know how often/Don't know if attend	12	0.1
9) NA how often/NA if attend; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	103	0.7
Missing	33653
TOTAL	13785	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

72) Would you say you go to church regularly, often, seldom or never? (VCF0131)

	TOTAL	%
0) Religion refused/NA; no Pre IW; no Post IW	1805	13.4
1) Regularly	4896	36.2
2) Often	2009	14.9
4) Seldom	3757	27.8
5) Never	774	5.7
7) No religious preference (1960-1968)	179	1.3
9) NA	99	0.7
Missing	33919
TOTAL	13519	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

73) Where was it that you grew up? (IF UNITED STATES:) Which state or states? (VCF0132)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	31182	153.886	107

74) What part of the United States did you grow up in? (VCF0133)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	9154	156.449	122

75) Looking at this list, please tell me, where were you mostly brought up? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0134)

	TOTAL	%
1) Farm/country (including "in the country, not on a farm" in 1978-1992)	12963	33.6
2) Not farm/country	25138	65.1
8) Don't know	18	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	503	1.3
Missing	8816
TOTAL	38622	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

76) Type community where respondent grew up (2) (VCF0135)

	TOTAL	%
1) In a large city	7139	19.4
2) Not in a large city	29202	79.5
8) Don't know	18	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	364	1.0
Missing	10715
TOTAL	36723	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

77) Type community where R grew up (3) (VCF0136)

	TOTAL	%
1) Farm, rural, "country"	5993	35.6
2) Town, "small town"	3877	23.0
3) City, not a large city	3051	18.1
4) Large city	3545	21.0
5) Other; mixture of communities; "suburb"	224	1.3
9) Don't know; NA; no Pre IW	157	0.9
Missing	30591
TOTAL	16847	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

78) Type community where R grew up (4) (VCF0137)

	TOTAL	%
1) On a farm	3906	19.7
2) In the country, not on a farm	2365	11.9
3) In a small city or town (under 50,000)	5843	29.4
4) In a medium-sized city (50,000-100,000)	2202	11.1
5) In a large city (100,000-500,000)	2416	12.2
6) In a suburb of a large city	1311	6.6
7) In a very large city (over 500,000)	1178	5.9
8) In a suburb of a very large city	430	2.2
9) Don't know; NA; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	225	1.1
Missing	27562
TOTAL	19876	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

79) Number of children under 18 years old in household unit/family (VCF0138)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	15793	49.2
1) One	4456	13.9
2) Two	4245	13.2
3) Three	2124	6.6
4) Four	906	2.8
5) Five	348	1.1
6) Six	135	0.4
7) Seven	70	0.2
8) Eight or more	53	0.2
9) NA; no Pre IW; Panel (1992, 1996, 2002)	3971	12.4
Missing	15337
TOTAL	32101	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

80) Number of children age 5 or younger old in household (VCF0138A)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	14770	67.2
1) One	2295	10.4
2) Two	868	3.9
3) Three	143	0.7
4) Four	21	0.1
5) Five	1	0.0
9) NA; Panel (1992, 1996, 2002)	3894	17.7
Missing	25446
TOTAL	21992	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

81) Number of children 6-9 years old in household (VCF0138B)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	15571	70.8
1) One	1998	9.1
2) Two	456	2.1
3) Three	51	0.2
4) Four	1	0.0
9) NA; Panel (1992, 1996, 2002)	3915	17.8
Missing	25446
TOTAL	21992	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

82) Number of children 10-13 years old in household (VCF0138C)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	15550	70.7
1) One	2034	9.2
2) Two	444	2.0
3) Three	47	0.2
4) Four	3	0.0
9) NA; Panel (1992, 1996, 2002)	3914	17.8
Missing	25446
TOTAL	21992	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

83) Number of children 14-17 years old in household (VCF0138D)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	15605	71.0
1) One	1933	8.8
2) Two	475	2.2
3) Three	58	0.3
4) Four	7	0.0
9) NA; Panel (1992, 1996, 2002)	3914	17.8
Missing	25446
TOTAL	21992	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

84) Age of youngest child in family (VCF0138E)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1 ½ years or less	1017	10.1
2) Over 1 ½ years up to and including 2 ½ years	520	5.1
3) Over 2 ½ years up to and including 3 ½ years	429	4.2
4) Over 3 ½ years up to and including 4 ½ years	349	3.5
5) Over 4 ½ years up to and including 5 ½ years	313	3.1
6) Over 5 ½ years up to and including 10 ½ years	1238	12.2
7) Over 10 ½ years up to and including 14 ½ years	806	8.0
8) Over 14 ½ years up to 18 years	540	5.3
9) NA; no children; no Pre IW	4897	48.4
Missing	37329
TOTAL	10109	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

85) 1970, 1974, 1976, 1980: Do you have any children? (IF YES:) How many? (VCF0139)

	TOTAL	%
0) None	1719	24.8
1) One	1174	16.9
2) Two	1658	23.9
3) Three	1100	15.8
4) Four	593	8.5
5) Five	313	4.5
6) Six	150	2.2
7) Seven	89	1.3
8) Eight or more	111	1.6
9) NA	37	0.5
Missing	40494
TOTAL	6944	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

86) What is the highest degree that you have earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0140)

	TOTAL	%
1) 8 grades or less ("grade school")	7539	16.1
2) 9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	6662	14.2
3) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency	11411	24.4
4) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency	3548	7.6
5) Some college, no degree; junior/community college	9091	19.4
6) BA level degrees	7920	16.9
7) Advanced degrees including LLB	139	0.3
8) Don't know	22	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	444	0.9
Missing	662
TOTAL	46776	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

87) What is the highest degree that you have earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0140A)

	TOTAL	%
1) 8 grades or less ("grade school")	7539	16.1
2) 9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	6662	14.2
3) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency	11411	24.4
4) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	3925	8.4
5) Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	8714	18.6
6) BA level degrees	5820	12.4
7) Advanced degrees including LLB	2240	4.8
8) Don't know	22	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	443	0.9
Missing	662
TOTAL	46776	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

88) What is the highest degree that (head) has earned? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0141)

	TOTAL	%
1) 8 grades or less ("grade school")	4068	18.3
2) 9-12 grades ("high school"), no diploma/equivalency	3332	15.0
3) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency	4321	19.4
4) 12 grades, diploma or equivalency plus non-academic training	2906	13.1
5) Some college, no degree; junior/community college level degree (AA degree)	3522	15.8
6) BA level degrees; advanced degrees including LLB	3716	16.7
8) Don't know	115	0.5
9) NA; head of family not determined (1986)	249	1.1
Missing	25209
TOTAL	22229	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

89) Where were you born? (IF UNITED STATES:) Which state? (VCF0142)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	36815	153.467	102

90) Were both your parents born in this country? (VCF0143)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	30877	80.5
5) No	6831	17.8
8) Don't know	142	0.4
9) NA; no Pre IW; short-form "new" Cross Section (1992)	486	1.3
Missing	9102
TOTAL	38336	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

91) (IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.:) What country was your father born in? (VCF0144)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	20870	243.835	147

92) (IF BOTH PARENTS NOT BORN IN THE U.S.:) What country was your mother born in? (VCF0145)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	20870	242.049	147

93) Do you/ Does your family own your own home, pay rent or what? (VCF0146)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, own	25724	66.5
2) No, not owned	12365	32.0
8) Don't know	3	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; short form (1992)	564	1.5
Missing	8782
TOTAL	38656	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

94) Are you married now and living with your husband/wife -- or are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married? (see ARDA summary page for previous question wordings) (VCF0147)

	TOTAL	%
1) Married and living with spouse (or spouse in service)	28756	63.0
2) Never married	5941	13.0
3) Divorced	3633	8.0
4) Separated	1321	2.9
5) Widowed	4788	10.5
7) Partners; not married (VOLUNTEERED [exc. 1986])	561	1.2
8) Respondent not married/partnered, refused to say whether never married, divorced, separated or widowed (1992 only); Don't know	8	0.0
9) NA; no Pre IW; unmarried at time of interview (1952 only); short-form "new" Cross-Section (1992)	629	1.4
Missing	1801
TOTAL	45637	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

95) Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working class. Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes? (IF YES:) Which one? (IF NO:) Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself middle class or working class? Would you say that you are about average middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/working class? (VCF0148)

	TOTAL	%
0) Lower class (VOLUNTEERED)	86	0.3
1) Average working	13635	41.3
2) Working--NA average or upper	410	1.2
3) Upper working	2854	8.6
4) Average middle	11156	33.8
5) Middle class--NA average or upper	314	1.0
6) Upper middle	3261	9.9
7) Upper class (VOLUNTEERED)	29	0.1
9) Don't know; NA; other (incl. "refused to accept idea of class")	1262	3.8
Missing	14431
TOTAL	33007	100.0

[ Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

96) Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working class. Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes? (IF YES:) Which one? (IF NO:) Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself middle class or working class? Would you say that you are about average middle/working class or that you are in the upper part of the middle/working class? (VCF0148A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Average working	13635	35.9
2) Working--NA average or upper	3088	8.1
3) Upper working	2854	7.5
4) Average middle	11156	29.4
5) Middle class--NA average or upper	2342	6.2
6) Upper middle	3261	8.6
9) Don't know; NA; other (incl. "refused to accept idea of class")	1599	4.2
Missing	9503
TOTAL	37935	100.0

[ Analyze results | Add to Question Bank | View Question Bank ]

97) Most people say they belong either to the middle class or the working class. Do you ever think of yourself as belonging in one of these classes? (IF YES:) Which one? (IF NO:) Well, if you had to make a choice, would you call yourself middle class or working class? (VCF0149)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is middle class	12283	32.4
2) No, don't think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or working, would choose middle	4363	11.5
3) Yes, think of self as member of class and that class is working class	12705	33.5
4) No, don't think of self as member of class, but if had to choose middle or working, would choose working	6715	17.7
5) Refuses to accept idea of class (except 1964, 1966, 1968)	285	0.8
6) Other (in 1964, 1966, 1968, also includes "refuses to accept idea of class")	535	1.4
9) Don't know; NA; no Pre IW; short form (1992)	1049	2.8
Missing	9503