Spirit and Power: Survey of Pentecostals in Nigeria

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All frequencies weighted by 5) GPWGT

1) Country name (COUNTRY)

	TOTAL	%
6) Nigeria	650	100
TOTAL	650	100.0

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2) Identification number (PSRAID)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	650	107023.87	189.83

3) Sample type (SAMPLE)

	TOTAL	%
1) General Public Sample	650	100
2) Oversample of Renewalists	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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4) Is the respondent a non-renewalist, Pentecostal, or Charismatic? Pentecostal is defined as belonging to a Pentecostal denomination or church, as indicated by responses labeled "coded as Pentecostal" in the Q4NIG. Charismatic is defined as non-Pentecostal Christians, who describe themselves as Pentecostal in question Q5C, or as Charismatic in question Q5D, or who say they speak or pray in tongues at least several times a year in the survey question named TONGUES. (RENEWLST)

	TOTAL	%
0) Non-renewalist	480	73.7
1) Pentecostal (as coded in Q4NIG)	118	18.1
2) Charismatic (as indicated in questions Q5C, Q5D, or TONGUES)	53	8.1
TOTAL	651	100.0

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5) Weight for use in analyzing general public samples in each country (GPWGT)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL		0.651	0.513

6) Weight for use in analyzing renewalists in each country (PENTWGT)

	N	Mean	Std.Deviation
TOTAL	650	0.26	0.44

7) Now thinking about (survey country), overall, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the way things are going in our country today? (SATISFY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Satisfied	22	3.4
2) Dissatisfied	622	95.7
8) Don't know	6	.9
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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8) Thinking now about religion, how important is religion in your life? Is it the single most important thing, very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important? [This question was asked in all countries.] (RELIMP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Single most important thing	238	36.6
2) Very important	395	60.7
3) Somewhat important	12	1.8
4) Not too important	3	.5
5) Not at all important	3	.5
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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9) Do you consider yourself as belonging to a particular religion? If yes, which one: Roman Catholic; Protestant (such as Anglican, Presbyterian, Adventist, Baptist, Methodist, Holiness, Reformed, Africa Inland Church, Friends, or Lutheran); Muslim; African Independent or Aladura Church (AIC), African Traditional Religion (ATR); Jehovah's Witness; Brotherhood of the Cross and Star; No religion, not a believer, atheist, agnostic; Other religion? [Question asked in Nigeria.] (Q3NIG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Roman Catholic	79	12.2
2) Protestant (such as Anglican, Presbyterian, etc.)	220	33.8
3) Muslim	304	46.8
4) African Independent or Aladura Church (AIC)	25	3.8
6) Jehovah's Witness	9	1.4
7) Brotherhood of the Cross and Star	1	.2
9) No religion, not a believer, atheist, agnostic	3	.5
97) Other religion	9	1.4
TOTAL	650	100.0

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10) [Ask in Nigeria if Q3NIG = 2 "Protestant" or 4 "African Independent or Aldura Church, AIC"] As I read a list, tell me which, if any, of these denominations you are affiliated with. Anglican Church of Nigeria; Baptist Convention; Evangelical Churches of West Africa; Another Protestant denomination (such as Adventist, Baptist, Methodist, Holiness, Reformed, Africa Inland Church, Friends, or Lutheran); Celestial Church of Christ; Christ Apostolic Church; Cherubim or Seraphim; Another African Independent or Aladura Church (AIC) denomination; Assemblies of God; Church of God in Christ International Church of the Foursquare Gospel; Another Pentecostal or neo-Charismatic church (such as Church of God Mission International, Redeemed Christian Church of God, Deeper Life Bible Church, Charismatic Youth Fellowships, Word of Faith Ministries, or Winners Chapel); Nondenominational or Independent Church; Something else. (Q4NIG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Anglican Church of Nigeria	38	15.6
2) Baptist Convention	8	3.3
3) Evangelical Churches of West Africa	16	6.6
4) Another Protestant denomination	38	15.6
5) Celestial Church of Christ	3	1.2
6) Christ Apostolic Church	15	6.1
7) Cherubim or Seraphim	3	1.2
8) Another African Independent or Aladura Church (AIC) denomination	3	1.2
9) Assemblies of God [Coded as Pentecostal]	15	6.1
10) Church of God in Christ [Coded as Pentecostal]	3	1.2
11) International Church of the Foursquare Gospel [Coded as Pentecostal]	8	3.3
12) Another Pentecostal or neo-Charismatic church [Coded as Pentecostal]	92	37.7
13) Nondenominational or Independent Church	0	0
14) Something else	2	.8
98) Don't know	0	0
99) Refused	0	0
Missing	405
TOTAL	244	100.0

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11) [Ask if Christian] As I read from a list, please tell me which, if any, of the following descriptions apply to you. Does this apply to you or not: Evangelical Christian [If respondent is Catholic, replace with "Evangelical Catholic"]? (Q5_A)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, applies	226	67.7
2) No, does not apply	106	31.7
8) Don't know	2	.6
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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12) [Ask if Christian] As I read from a list, please tell me which, if any, of the following descriptions apply to you. Does this apply to you or not: Born-again Christian [If respondent is Catholic, replace with "Born-again Catholic"]? (Q5_B)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, applies	246	73.7
2) No, does not apply	84	25.1
8) Don't know	3	.9
9) Refused	1	.3
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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13) [Ask if Christian] As I read from a list, please tell me which, if any, of the following descriptions apply to you. Does this apply to you or not: Pentecostal Christian [If respondent is Catholic, replace with "Pentecostal Catholic"]? (Q5_C)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, applies	117	35
2) No, does not apply	170	50.9
8) Don't know	47	14.1
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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14) [Ask if Christian] As I read from a list, please tell me which, if any, of the following descriptions apply to you. Does this apply to you or not: Charismatic Christian [If respondent is Catholic, replace with "Charismatic Catholic"]? (Q5_D)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes, applies	58	17.4
2) No, does not apply	228	68.3
8) Don't know	48	14.4
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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15) How often do you pray to God outside of religious services: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (PRAY_OUT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	538	82.6
2) More than once a week	63	9.7
3) Once a week	14	2.2
4) At least once a month	8	1.2
5) Several times a year	7	1.1
6) Less often	16	2.5
7) Never	5	.8
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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16) How often do you speak or pray in tongues: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked only if respondent belongs to a particular religion.] (TONGUES)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	10	1.5
2) More than once a week	33	5.1
3) Once a week	14	2.2
4) At least once a month	12	1.9
5) Several times a year	39	6
6) Less often	33	5.1
7) Never	493	76.1
8) Don't know	11	1.7
9) Refused	3	.5
Missing	3
TOTAL	648	100.0

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17) How often do you participate in prayer groups, Scripture study groups or religious education programs: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (GROUPS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	41	6.3
2) More than once a week	146	22.4
3) Once a week	127	19.5
4) At least once a month	89	13.7
5) Several times a year	36	5.5
6) Less often	44	6.8
7) Never	68	10.4
8) Don't know	37	5.7
9) Refused	63	9.7
TOTAL	651	100.0

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18) How often do you listen to religious radio or watch religious television programs: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (RADIO_TV)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	114	17.5
2) More than once a week	220	33.8
3) Once a week	139	21.4
4) At least once a month	95	14.6
5) Several times a year	40	6.1
6) Less often	29	4.5
7) Never	11	1.7
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	3	.5
TOTAL	651	100.0

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19) How often do you share your faith with non-believers: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (SHARE_F)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	40	6.2
2) More than once a week	96	14.8
3) Once a week	73	11.2
4) At least once a month	117	18
5) Several times a year	108	16.6
6) Less often	117	18
7) Never	91	14
8) Don't know	2	.3
9) Refused	6	.9
TOTAL	650	100.0

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20) How often do you read scripture outside of religious services: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (READ_OUT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	176	27.1
2) More than once a week	159	24.5
3) Once a week	94	14.5
4) At least once a month	93	14.3
5) Several times a year	57	8.8
6) Less often	39	6
7) Never	28	4.3
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	4	.6
TOTAL	650	100.0

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21) How often do you fast: would you say every day, more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, several times a year, less often or never? [Question asked in all countries.] (FAST)

	TOTAL	%
1) Every day	10	1.5
2) More than once a week	50	7.7
3) Once a week	95	14.6
4) At least once a month	155	23.8
5) Several times a year	241	37.1
6) Less often	70	10.8
7) Never	23	3.5
8) Don't know	2	.3
9) Refused	4	.6
TOTAL	650	100.0

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22) Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Do you believe in Hell? (HELL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	607	93.2
2) No	38	5.8
8) Don't know	6	.9
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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23) Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Do you believe in Heaven? (HEAVEN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	646	99.4
2) No	3	.5
8) Don't know	1	.2
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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24) Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Do you believe in the Rapture of the Church, that is, that before the world comes to an end, the religiously faithful will be saved and taken up to Heaven? [Question asked only if respondent is Christian.] (RAPTURE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	294	88
2) No	18	5.4
8) Don't know	20	6
9) Refused	2	.6
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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25) Which, if any, of the following do you believe in? Do you believe in God? [Question asked only if respondent indicates any of the following: no religion, not a believer, atheist, or agnostic.] (GOD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	3	100
2) No	0	0
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	647
TOTAL	3	100.0

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26) Have you always been a [if answer given in Q4, insert religious affiliation from Q4; otherwise, insert religious affiliation from Q3]? Question asked in United States if respondent belongs to a particular religion. In all other countries, question asked of all respondents. (REL_ALWS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	589	90.5
2) No	57	8.8
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	2	.3
TOTAL	651	100.0

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27) What were you before? [Question asked only in Nigeria if REL_ALWS = 2 "No."] (Q9NIG)

	TOTAL	%
1) Roman Catholic	27	47.4
2) Protestant	1	1.8
3) Muslim	5	8.8
4) African Independent or Aladura Church (AIC)	0	0
5) African Traditional Religion (ATR)	3	5.3
6) Jehovah's Witness	2	3.5
7) Brotherhood of the Cross and Star	0	0
8) Other religion (SPECIFY)	0	0
9) No religion, not a believer, atheist, agnostic	2	3.5
97) Other religion	14	24.6
98) Don't know	1	1.8
99) Refused	2	3.5
Missing	593
TOTAL	57	100.0

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28) How old were you when you changed your religion to your present religion? ___ years [Asked only if REL_ALWS = 2 "No."] (CHANGE)

	TOTAL	%
1) 1	1	1.7
2) 2	0	0
3) 3	1	1.7
4) 4	0	0
5) 5	0	0
6) 6	0	0
7) 7	0	0
8) 8	0	0
10) 10	0	0
11) 11	1	1.7
12) 12	0	0
13) 13	1	1.7
14) 14	1	1.7
15) 15	3	5.1
16) 16	0	0
17) 17	1	1.7
18) 18	3	5.1
19) 19	6	10.2
20) 20	3	5.1
21) 21	1	1.7
22) 22	3	5.1
23) 23	0	0
24) 24	3	5.1
25) 25	4	6.8
26) 26	3	5.1
27) 27	1	1.7
28) 28	3	5.1
29) 29	1	1.7
30) 30	1	1.7
31) 31	1	1.7
32) 32	0	0
33) 33	1	1.7
34) 34	0	0
35) 35	0	0
36) 36	0	0
38) 38	1	1.7
39) 39	0	0
40) 40	1	1.7
41) 41	1	1.7
45) 45	0	0
46) 46	0	0
48) 48	0	0
49) 49	1	1.7
50) 50	0	0
52) 52	0	0
97) 97 or older	0	0
98) Don't know	5	8.5
99) Refused	7	11.9
Missing	593
TOTAL	59	100.0

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29) Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services: more than once a week, once a week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, seldom, or never? [Question asked of all respondents in Chile, Guatemala, South Korea, and the United States. In all other countries, question asked only if respondent is not Muslim.] (ATTEND)

	TOTAL	%
1) More than once a week	205	59.2
2) Once a week	89	25.7
3) Once or twice a month	28	8.1
4) A few times a year	13	3.8
5) Seldom	4	1.2
6) Never	7	2
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	304
TOTAL	346	100.0

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30) On average, how often do you attend the mosque for salah and Jum'ah Prayer? [Question asked only of Muslims in Brazil, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Philippines, and South Africa.] (ATTEND_M)

	TOTAL	%
1) More than once a week	150	49.2
2) Once a week for Jum'ah	45	14.8
3) Once or twice a month	5	1.6
4) A few times a year	52	17
5) Seldom	25	8.2
6) Never	28	9.2
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	346
TOTAL	305	100.0

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31) When you attend religious services, how often do they include people speaking tongues, prophesying, praying for miraculous or divine healings, or displaying physical signs of the spirit such as laughing and shaking: would you say always, frequently, occasionally, or never? [Question only asked if respondent is Christian and attends religious services more than "never."] (TONGUES2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always	72	21.8
2) Frequently	81	24.5
3) Occasionally	115	34.8
4) Never	50	15.2
8) Don't know	11	3.3
9) Refused	1	.3
Missing	320
TOTAL	330	100.0

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32) Have you ever experienced or witnessed a divine healing of an illness or injury? (HEALING)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	401	61.6
2) No	240	36.9
8) Don't know	9	1.4
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	651	100.0

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33) Have you ever given or interpreted prophecy? (PROPHECY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	192	29.5
2) No	444	68.2
8) Don't know	13	2
9) Refused	2	.3
TOTAL	651	100.0

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34) Have you ever received a definite answer to a specific prayer request? (ANSWER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	533	82
2) No	107	16.5
8) Don't know	10	1.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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35) Have you ever received a direct revelation from God? (REVELAT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	269	41.3
2) No	366	56.2
8) Don't know	16	2.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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36) Have you ever experienced or witnessed the devil or evil spirits being driven out of a person? (DEVIL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Yes	369	56.9
2) No	267	41.1
8) Don't know	12	1.8
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	649	100.0

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37) Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. The first one is: there are clear guidelines about what's good or evil that apply to everyone regardless of their situation. Do you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree? (GOODEVIL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	420	64.6
2) Mostly agree	193	29.7
3) Mostly disagree	19	2.9
4) Completely disagree	1	.2
98) Don't know	17	2.6
99) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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38) Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it: miracles still occur today as in ancient times. Do you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree? (MIRACLES)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	385	59.3
2) Mostly agree	176	27.1
3) Mostly disagree	33	5.1
4) Completely disagree	22	3.4
98) Don't know	28	4.3
99) Refused	5	.8
TOTAL	649	100.0

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39) Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it: angels and demons are active in the world. Do you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree? (ANGELS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	424	65
2) Mostly agree	189	29
3) Mostly disagree	17	2.6
4) Completely disagree	7	1.1
98) Don't know	14	2.1
99) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	652	100.0

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40) [Question asked only if respondent belongs to a particular religion.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. [IF CHRISTIAN: Christians] [IF JEWISH: Jews] [IF MUSLIM: Muslims] [IF OTHER RELIGION: INSERT RELIGION] [IF ELSE: Religious people] ____ have a duty to convert people of other religious faiths to ___ [IF CHRISTIAN: Christianity] [IF JEWISH: Judaism] [IF MUSLIM: Islam] [IF OTHER RELIGION: INSERT RELGION][IF ELSE: their religious faith]. Do you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree? (CONVERT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	427	66
2) Mostly agree	164	25.3
3) Mostly disagree	26	4
4) Completely disagree	13	2
98) Don't know	16	2.5
99) Refused	1	.2
Missing	3
TOTAL	647	100.0

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41) [Question asked only if respondent belongs to a particular religion.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. [IF CHRISTIAN: Christians] [IF JEWISH: Jews] [IF MUSLIM: Muslims] [IF OTHER RELIGION: INSERT RELIGION][IF ELSE: Religious people] ______ have a responsibility to work for justice for the poor. (WORK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	475	73.4
2) Mostly agree	138	21.3
3) Mostly disagree	14	2.2
4) Completely disagree	10	1.5
98) Don't know	10	1.5
99) Refused	0	0
Missing	3
TOTAL	647	100.0

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42) [Question asked if respondent belongs to a particular religion or believes in God.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. God will grant material prosperity to all believers who have enough faith. (PROSPER)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	503	77.4
2) Mostly agree	124	19.1
3) Mostly disagree	8	1.2
4) Completely disagree	13	2
98) Don't know	2	.3
99) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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43) [Question asked if respondent belongs to a particular religion or believes in God.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. God will grant health and relief from sickness to believers who have enough faith. (HEALTH)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	518	79.8
2) Mostly agree	108	16.6
3) Mostly disagree	13	2
4) Completely disagree	9	1.4
98) Don't know	1	.2
99) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	649	100.0

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44) [Question asked if respondent belongs to a particular religion or believes in God.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. God fulfills his purposes through politics and elections. (POLITICS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	204	31.4
2) Mostly agree	137	21.1
3) Mostly disagree	133	20.5
4) Completely disagree	118	18.2
98) Don't know	56	8.6
99) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	649	100.0

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45) [Question asked if respondent belongs to a particular religion or believes in God.] Now I am going to read you a series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. AIDS is God's punishment for immoral sexual behavior. (AIDS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	180	27.7
2) Mostly agree	99	15.2
3) Mostly disagree	97	14.9
4) Completely disagree	193	29.7
98) Don't know	80	12.3
99) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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46) Which one of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about ____ [IF CHRISTIAN: the Bible] [IF MUSLIM: the Koran] [ELSE: sacred scriptures]? (SCRIPTUR)

	TOTAL	%
1) [IF CHRISTIAN: The Bible is][IF MUSLIM: The Koran is] [ELSE: Sacred scriptures are] the actual word of God and [IS/ARE] to be taken literally, word for word, OR	569	87.5
2) [IF CHRISTIAN: The Bible is] [IF MUSLIM: The Koran is] [ELSE: Sacred scriptures are] the word of God, but not everything in [IT/THEM] should be taken literally, word for word, OR	65	10
3) [IF CHRISTIAN: The Bible is] [IF MUSLIM: The Koran is] [ELSE: Sacred scriptures are] written by men and [IS/ARE] not the word of God	2	.3
4) Other (VOLUNTEERED THIS RESPONSE)	8	1.2
8) Don't know	5	.8
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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47) Which of the following is most important to you: your continent, your nationality, your religion, or your ethnic group? (MOSTIMP)

	TOTAL	%
1) Your continent	35	5.4
2) Your nationality	46	7.1
3) Your religion	539	83.2
4) Your ethnic group	21	3.2
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	4	.6
Missing	3
TOTAL	648	100.0

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48) [Question asked if respondent is Christian.] Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. The first one is: if enough people were brought to Christ, social ills would take care of themselves. Do you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree, or completely disagree? (ILLS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	203	60.8
2) Mostly agree	74	22.2
3) Mostly disagree	25	7.5
4) Completely disagree	8	2.4
8) Don't know	24	7.2
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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49) [Question asked if respondent is Christian.] Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. Belief in Jesus Christ is the only way to be saved from eternal damnation. (ONLYWAY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	267	79.9
2) Mostly agree	48	14.4
3) Mostly disagree	8	2.4
4) Completely disagree	3	.9
8) Don't know	8	2.4
9) Refused	0	0
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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50) [Question asked if respondent is Christian.] Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each one, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it, or completely disagree with it. Jesus will return to earth in my lifetime. (RETURN)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	109	32.6
2) Mostly agree	59	17.7
3) Mostly disagree	13	3.9
4) Completely disagree	18	5.4
8) Don't know	134	40.1
9) Refused	1	.3
Missing	316
TOTAL	334	100.0

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51) Turning to another subject, suppose you could choose between different kinds of jobs. Which one would you prefer: being an employee or being self-employed? (EMPLOY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Being an employee	127	19.5
2) Being self employed	509	78.2
3) Neither/None	10	1.5
8) Don't know	4	.6
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	651	100.0

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52) To what extent, if at all, do you think our country benefits from the greater influence of international business practices, trade, ideas, communication and products such as international foods and TV programs from other countries: would you say to a great extent, moderate extent, small extent, or not at all? (INTERNA)

	TOTAL	%
1) Great extent	121	18.6
2) Moderate extent	267	41
3) Small extent	165	25.3
4) Not at all	46	7.1
5) Harms our country	0	0
8) Don't know	6	.9
9) Refused	46	7.1
TOTAL	651	100.0

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53) Thinking about your own personal finances, how would you rate your own personal financial situation: would you say you are in excellent shape, good shape, only fair shape or poor shape? (FINANCE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Excellent shape	51	7.8
2) Good shape	211	32.5
3) Only fair shape	252	38.8
4) Poor shape	130	20
8) Don't know	5	.8
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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54) Over the course of the next year, do you think the financial situation of you and your family will improve a lot, improve some, get a little worse, get a lot worse, or stay the same? (FINANCE2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Improve a lot	253	38.9
2) Improve some	282	43.4
3) Get a little worse	27	4.2
4) Get a lot worse	19	2.9
5) Stay the same	4	.6
8) Don't know	62	9.5
9) Refused	3	.5
TOTAL	650	100.0

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55) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Is hard work a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all an important factor in people's economic success? (HARDWORK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	544	83.7
2) Somewhat important	82	12.6
3) Not too important	18	2.8
4) Not at all important	5	.8
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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56) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Is fate a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all an important factor in people's economic success? (FATE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	358	55.1
2) Somewhat important	201	30.9
3) Not too important	60	9.2
4) Not at all important	25	3.8
8) Don't know	5	.8
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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57) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Are people's parent's economic situations very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important factors in people's economic success? (ECONPAR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	377	58
2) Somewhat important	204	31.4
3) Not too important	56	8.6
4) Not at all important	10	1.5
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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58) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Is faith in God a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all an important factor in people's economic success? (FAITH_GD)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	617	94.9
2) Somewhat important	25	3.8
3) Not too important	7	1.1
4) Not at all important	1	.2
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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59) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Are government policies very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important factors in people's economic success? (GOVPOLIC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	269	41.3
2) Somewhat important	170	26.1
3) Not too important	153	23.5
4) Not at all important	48	7.4
8) Don't know	11	1.7
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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60) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Are personal connections and contracts very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important factors in people's economic success? (CONNECT)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	372	57.2
2) Somewhat important	191	29.4
3) Not too important	75	11.5
4) Not at all important	11	1.7
8) Don't know	1	.2
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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61) As I read from a list, please tell me how important each factor is in people's economic success. Is education a very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all an important factor in people's economic success? (IMPEDUC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	525	80.8
2) Somewhat important	113	17.4
3) Not too important	10	1.5
4) Not at all important	2	.3
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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62) Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it. The first one is: when jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women. (WOMEN1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	314	48.3
2) Mostly agree	115	17.7
3) Mostly disagree	119	18.3
4) Completely disagree	99	15.2
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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63) Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it. On the whole, men make better political leaders than women do. (WOMEN2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	356	54.9
2) Mostly agree	152	23.4
3) Mostly disagree	78	12
4) Completely disagree	40	6.2
8) Don't know	22	3.4
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	649	100.0

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64) Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it. A wife must always obey her husband. (WOMEN3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	571	87.7
2) Mostly agree	64	9.8
3) Mostly disagree	11	1.7
4) Completely disagree	4	.6
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	651	100.0

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65) Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it. A working mother can establish just as warm and secure of a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. (WOMEN4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	201	30.9
2) Mostly agree	245	37.7
3) Mostly disagree	142	21.8
4) Completely disagree	44	6.8
8) Don't know	18	2.8
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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66) Now I am going to read you another series of statements on some different topics. For each statement, please tell me if you completely agree with it, mostly agree with it, mostly disagree with it or completely disagree with it. Women should be allowed to serve as pastors or priests. (WOMEN5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	109	16.7
2) Mostly agree	120	18.4
3) Mostly disagree	109	16.7
4) Completely disagree	191	29.3
8) Don't know	115	17.7
9) Refused	7	1.1
TOTAL	651	100.0

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67) Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people? (TRUST)

	TOTAL	%
1) Most people can be trusted	129	19.8
2) Can't be too careful	429	66
3) Other/Depends	80	12.3
8) Don't know	10	1.5
9) Refused	2	.3
TOTAL	650	100.0

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68) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: homosexuality. (HOMOSEXU)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	0	0
2) Sometimes justified	5	.8
3) Never justified	636	97.8
8) Don't know	8	1.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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69) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: prostitution. (PROSTITU)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	8	1.2
2) Sometimes justified	29	4.5
3) Never justified	609	93.7
8) Don't know	4	.6
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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70) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: divorce. (DIVORCE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	83	12.8
2) Sometimes justified	224	34.5
3) Never justified	323	49.7
8) Don't know	19	2.9
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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71) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: euthanasia – ending the life of the incurably sick. (EUTHANAS)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	8	1.2
2) Sometimes justified	35	5.4
3) Never justified	552	84.9
8) Don't know	48	7.4
9) Refused	7	1.1
TOTAL	650	100.0

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72) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: suicide. (SUICIDE)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	2	.3
2) Sometimes justified	8	1.2
3) Never justified	638	98
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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73) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: drinking alcohol. (ALCOHOL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	18	2.8
2) Sometimes justified	95	14.6
3) Never justified	534	82
8) Don't know	4	.6
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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74) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: sex between people who are not married to each other. (SEXNOTM)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	5	.8
2) Sometimes justified	46	7.1
3) Never justified	591	90.8
8) Don't know	8	1.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	651	100.0

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75) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: abortion. (ABORTION)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	4	.6
2) Sometimes justified	29	4.5
3) Never justified	610	94
8) Don't know	5	.8
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	649	100.0

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76) Please tell me for each of the following items whether you think it can always be justified, sometimes be justified, or never be justified: polygamy. (POLYGAMY)

	TOTAL	%
1) Always justified	168	25.8
2) Sometimes justified	118	18.2
3) Never justified	354	54.5
8) Don't know	8	1.2
9) Refused	2	.3
TOTAL	650	100.0

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77) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. First, how about people in your immediate family? Do you feel you can trust them a lot, trust them some, trust them only a little, or not trust them at all? (TRUST1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	272	41.8
2) Can trust some	288	44.2
3) Trust a little	59	9.1
4) Not at all	32	4.9
8) Don't know	0	0
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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78) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about people in your neighborhood? (TRUST2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	24	3.7
2) Can trust some	261	40.1
3) Trust a little	277	42.5
4) Not at all	88	13.5
8) Don't know	1	.2
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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79) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about your city or local government? (TRUST3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	5	.8
2) Can trust some	132	20.3
3) Trust a little	306	47
4) Not at all	205	31.5
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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80) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about the media? (TRUST4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	28	4.3
2) Can trust some	175	26.9
3) Trust a little	313	48.1
4) Not at all	127	19.5
8) Don't know	8	1.2
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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81) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about our national government? (TRUST5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	5	.8
2) Can trust some	91	14
3) Trust a little	266	40.9
4) Not at all	285	43.8
8) Don't know	3	.5
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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82) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about the military? (TRUST6)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	6	.9
2) Can trust some	132	20.3
3) Trust a little	251	38.6
4) Not at all	233	35.8
8) Don't know	27	4.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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83) I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about people from other religions? (TRUST7)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	24	3.7
2) Can trust some	204	31.4
3) Trust a little	271	41.8
4) Not at all	132	20.3
8) Don't know	18	2.8
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	649	100.0

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84) [Asked only if respondent belongs to a particular religion.] I'm going to read a list of institutions and people. For each one, please tell me whether you feel that you can trust them a lot, some, only a little, or not at all. How about people at your church or place of worship? (TRUST8)

	TOTAL	%
1) Can trust a lot	148	22.9
2) Can trust some	298	46.1
3) Trust a little	139	21.5
4) Not at all	47	7.3
8) Don't know	2	.3
9) Refused	13	2
Missing	3
TOTAL	647	100.0

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85) How often, if ever, do you discuss politics with your family or friends: never, once or twice a month, once or twice a week, three or four times a week, or every day? (DISCPOLI)

	TOTAL	%
1) Never	162	24.9
2) Once or twice a month	178	27.4
3) Once or twice a week	94	14.5
4) Three or four times a week	94	14.5
5) Every day	107	16.5
8) Don't know	11	1.7
9) Refused	4	.6
TOTAL	650	100.0

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86) Here is a list of things that you can and cannot do in some countries. How important is it to you to live in a country where you can openly say what you think and can criticize the government? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? (FREEDOM1)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	427	65.7
2) Somewhat important	165	25.4
3) Not too important	34	5.2
4) Not important at all	13	2
8) Don't know	11	1.7
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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87) Here is a list of things that you can and cannot do in some countries. How important is it to you to live in a country where honest elections are held regularly with a choice of at least two political parties? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? (FREEDOM2)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	417	64.2
2) Somewhat important	163	25.1
3) Not too important	47	7.2
4) Not important at all	11	1.7
8) Don't know	12	1.8
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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88) Here is a list of things that you can and cannot do in some countries. How important is it to you to live in a country where there is a judicial system that treats everyone in the same way? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? (FREEDOM3)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	512	78.8
2) Somewhat important	117	18
3) Not too important	12	1.8
4) Not important at all	3	.5
8) Don't know	6	.9
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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89) Here is a list of things that you can and cannot do in some countries. How important is it to you to live in a country where you can practice your religion freely? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? (FREEDOM4)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	583	89.6
2) Somewhat important	62	9.5
3) Not too important	4	.6
4) Not important at all	0	0
8) Don't know	2	.3
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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90) Here is a list of things that you can and cannot do in some countries. How important is it to you to live in a country where there is freedom of religion for religions other than your own? Is it very important, somewhat important, not too important or not important at all? (FREEDOM5)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very important	447	68.8
2) Somewhat important	142	21.8
3) Not too important	43	6.6
4) Not important at all	9	1.4
8) Don't know	8	1.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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91) Here is a list of things that may or may not be problems in our country. As I read each one, please tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all: conflict between religious groups. (PROB_CON)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very big problem	524	80.6
2) Moderately big problem	108	16.6
3) Small problem	16	2.5
4) Not a problem at all	1	.2
8) Don't know	1	.2
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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92) Here is a list of things that may or may not be problems in our country. As I read each one, please tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all: corrupt political leaders. (PROB_POL)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very big problem	575	88.5
2) Moderately big problem	62	9.5
3) Small problem	11	1.7
4) Not a problem at all	0	0
8) Don't know	1	.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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93) Here is a list of things that may or may not be problems in our country. As I read each one, please tell me if you think it is a very big problem, a moderately big problem, a small problem, or not a problem at all: moral decline. (PROB_MOR)

	TOTAL	%
1) Very big problem	442	68
2) Moderately big problem	152	23.4
3) Small problem	41	6.3
4) Not a problem at all	0	0
8) Don't know	15	2.3
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	650	100.0

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94) Some people say to solve our country's problems we should have a government that allows greater political participation by ordinary people and limits the power of individual political leaders. Others say to solve our country's problems we should have a leader with a strong hand even if there is little participation by ordinary people. Which comes closer to your opinion? (PARTIC)

	TOTAL	%
1) Participatory government	330	50.8
2) Strong leader	292	44.9
8) Don't know	27	4.2
9) Refused	1	.2
TOTAL	650	100.0

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95) In your opinion, should religious groups keep out of political matter - or should they express their views on day-to-day social and political questions? (RELGRO)

	TOTAL	%
1) Should keep out	144	22.1
2) Should express views	490	75.3
8) Don't know	17	2.6
9) Refused	0	0
TOTAL	651	100.0

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96) Please tell me whether you completely agree, mostly agree, mostly disagree or completely disagree with the following statements: most people are better off in a free market economy, even though some people are rich and some are poor. (GOV_MARK)

	TOTAL	%
1) Completely agree	347	53.4
2) Mostly agr