Portraits of American Life Study | Results & Summaries

Portraits of American Life Study

Home | About PALS | Contact Us | Download | Paper Contest

Hosted by The ARDA

Results & Summaries

Religious Leaders

The PALS seeks to understand the impact of religion in everyday life, and ultimately the connections between religious change and other forms of change among diverse individuals and families over the course of their lives.

Results & Summaries

Did you ever smoke cigarettes regularly? (HM_19)

Variable Comparisons

[Age | Gender | Political Ideology | Race | Religious Tradition | Region | Education ]

Age

	18 to 29 years old	30 to 44 years old	45 to 59 years old	60 to 74 years old	75 years and older	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.6% 2	0.0% 0	0.1% 2
Yes	19.6% 82	20.7% 112	34.9% 182	46.5% 152	50.8% 65	30.6% 593
No	80.4% 336	79.3% 430	65.1% 339	52.9% 173	49.2% 63	69.3% 1341
Missing	138	205	233	85	14	675
TOTAL	100.0% 418	100.0% 542	100.0% 521	100.0% 327	100.0% 128	1936

Gender

	Female	Male	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.2% 2	0.1% 2
Yes	27.9% 288	33.7% 305	30.6% 593
No	72.1% 743	66.0% 597	69.3% 1340
Missing	319	355	674
TOTAL	100.0% 1031	100.0% 904	1935

Political ideology

	Very liberal	Somewhat liberal	Middle of the road	Somewhat conservative	Very conservative	Haven't thought much about it	Missing	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.4% 2	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0	0.1% 2
Yes	25.5% 28	35.5% 105	29.9% 133	30.5% 130	39.4% 69	27.3% 127	2	30.9% 592
No	74.5% 82	64.5% 191	69.7% 310	69.5% 296	60.6% 106	72.7% 339	16	69.0% 1324
Missing	58	83	187	78	50	211	0	667
TOTAL	100.0% 110	100.0% 296	100.0% 445	100.0% 426	100.0% 175	100.0% 466	18	1918

Race

	White	Black	Hispanic	Asian	Pacific Islander	Other	TOTAL
Refused	0.2% 2	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.1% 2
Yes	34.3% 452	22.5% 45	24.2% 62	12.9% 12	85.7% 6	27.1% 16	30.7% 593
No	65.6% 865	77.5% 155	75.8% 194	87.1% 81	14.3% 1	72.9% 43	69.2% 1339
Missing	491	78	65	15	1	23	673
TOTAL	100.0% 1319	100.0% 200	100.0% 256	100.0% 93	100.0% 7	100.0% 59	1934

Religion

	Black Protestant	Evangelical Protestant	Mainline Protestant	Catholic	Unaffiliated	Other	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.4% 2	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.1% 2
Yes	22.0% 24	31.5% 163	28.3% 80	34.3% 182	33.2% 87	25.1% 59	30.7% 595
No	78.0% 85	68.1% 352	71.7% 203	65.7% 349	66.8% 175	74.9% 176	69.2% 1340
Missing	38	177	79	163	147	69	673
TOTAL	100.0% 109	100.0% 517	100.0% 283	100.0% 531	100.0% 262	100.0% 235	1937

Region

	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.3% 2	0.0% 0	0.1% 2
Yes	34.3% 117	33.0% 152	27.4% 172	30.1% 153	30.7% 594
No	65.7% 224	67.0% 308	72.2% 453	69.9% 355	69.2% 1340
Missing	99	161	254	160	674
TOTAL	100.0% 341	100.0% 460	100.0% 627	100.0% 508	1936

Education

	No high school diploma	GED or high school diploma	Vocational/technical diploma or Associate's degree	Bachelor's degree	Graduate degree	Other	Missing	TOTAL
Refused	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	2	0.0% 0
Yes	34.7% 66	32.8% 241	32.0% 112	24.3% 85	26.1% 64	40.0% 24	0	30.7% 592
No	65.3% 124	67.2% 494	68.0% 238	75.7% 265	73.9% 181	60.0% 36	3	69.3% 1338
Missing	116	320	130	70	21	11	0	668
TOTAL	100.0% 190	100.0% 735	100.0% 350	100.0% 350	100.0% 245	100.0% 60	5	1930