National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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SINGING Was there singing by the congregation at this service?   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	5207	97.7%	97.7%	-0.15
No	122	2.3%	100.0%	6.51

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	98.1% 1210	97.2% 1463	98.6% 1312	97.1% 1222	97.7% 5207
No	1.9% 24	2.8% 42	1.4% 19	2.9% 37	2.3% 122
TOTAL	100.0% 1234	100.0% 1505	100.0% 1331	100.0% 1259	5329

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	96.3% 764	98.4% 1322	98.0% 2144	97.3% 977	97.7% 5207
No	3.7% 29	1.6% 22	2.0% 44	2.7% 27	2.3% 122
TOTAL	100.0% 793	100.0% 1344	100.0% 2188	100.0% 1004	5329

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	98.2% 2817	97.8% 1697	96.9% 562	97.9% 5076
No	1.8% 53	2.2% 39	3.1% 18	2.1% 110
TOTAL	100.0% 2870	100.0% 1736	100.0% 580	5186

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	98.5% 2556	97.4% 1909	96.5% 494	97.9% 4959
No	1.5% 40	2.6% 50	3.5% 18	2.1% 108
TOTAL	100.0% 2596	100.0% 1959	100.0% 512	5067

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	98.0% 1260	99.0% 1979	97.8% 680	99.2% 1129	75.4% 159	97.7% 5207
No	2.0% 26	1.0% 20	2.2% 15	0.8% 9	24.6% 52	2.3% 122
TOTAL	100.0% 1286	100.0% 1999	100.0% 695	100.0% 1138	100.0% 211	5329