National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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INSTMENT Were any musical instruments used in this service?   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	1101	90.8%	90.8%	-0.32
No	112	9.2%	100.0%	3.13

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	90.8% 1101	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	90.8% 1101
No	9.2% 112	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	9.2% 112
TOTAL	100.0% 1213	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	1213

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	85.1% 189	93.0% 267	92.8% 451	89.0% 194	90.8% 1101
No	14.9% 33	7.0% 20	7.2% 35	11.0% 24	9.2% 112
TOTAL	100.0% 222	100.0% 287	100.0% 486	100.0% 218	1213

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	91.1% 575	91.8% 394	88.9% 112	91.1% 1081
No	8.9% 56	8.2% 35	11.1% 14	8.9% 105
TOTAL	100.0% 631	100.0% 429	100.0% 126	1186

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	91.7% 577	91.7% 388	90.2% 92	91.6% 1057
No	8.3% 52	8.3% 35	9.8% 10	8.4% 97
TOTAL	100.0% 629	100.0% 423	100.0% 102	1154

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	92.8% 271	90.3% 390	90.8% 128	95.7% 290	48.9% 22	90.8% 1101
No	7.2% 21	9.7% 42	9.2% 13	4.3% 13	51.1% 23	9.2% 112
TOTAL	100.0% 292	100.0% 432	100.0% 141	100.0% 303	100.0% 45	1213