National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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JOINHNDS Did people join hands at any point during the service, such as during a prayer or at other moments?   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	1174	41.5%	41.5%	-1.19
No	1656	58.5%	100.0%	0.84

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	0.00% 0	38.9% 585	44.4% 589	0.00% 0	41.5% 1174
No	0.00% 0	61.1% 917	55.6% 739	0.00% 0	58.5% 1656
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 1502	100.0% 1328	100.0% 0	2830

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	38.3% 150	37.0% 274	46.3% 532	39.8% 218	41.5% 1174
No	61.7% 242	63.0% 466	53.7% 618	60.2% 330	58.5% 1656
TOTAL	100.0% 392	100.0% 740	100.0% 1150	100.0% 548	2830

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	36.0% 571	49.0% 423	47.9% 148	41.4% 1142
No	64.0% 1017	51.0% 441	52.1% 161	58.6% 1619
TOTAL	100.0% 1588	100.0% 864	100.0% 309	2761

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	34.6% 495	48.9% 500	52.7% 129	41.6% 1124
No	65.4% 937	51.1% 522	47.3% 116	58.4% 1575
TOTAL	100.0% 1432	100.0% 1022	100.0% 245	2699

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	67.7% 482	24.5% 266	79.0% 293	19.5% 110	23.5% 23	41.5% 1174
No	32.3% 230	75.5% 819	21.0% 78	80.5% 454	76.5% 75	58.5% 1656
TOTAL	100.0% 712	100.0% 1085	100.0% 371	100.0% 564	100.0% 98	2830