National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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ROBE Did the leader of this service wear a robe or other special garments?   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	1959	47.8%	47.8%	-1.04
No	2136	52.2%	100.0%	0.96

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	0.00% 0	50.2% 756	46.1% 614	46.8% 589	47.8% 1959
No	0.00% 0	49.8% 749	53.9% 717	53.2% 670	52.2% 2136
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 1505	100.0% 1331	100.0% 1259	4095

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	66.9% 378	51.9% 548	38.8% 655	48.2% 378	47.8% 1959
No	33.1% 187	48.1% 508	61.2% 1035	51.8% 406	52.2% 2136
TOTAL	100.0% 565	100.0% 1056	100.0% 1690	100.0% 784	4095

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	34.3% 764	63.4% 823	69.8% 314	47.8% 1901
No	65.7% 1466	36.6% 476	30.2% 136	52.2% 2078
TOTAL	100.0% 2230	100.0% 1299	100.0% 450	3979

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	35.5% 696	58.8% 896	65.6% 269	47.8% 1861
No	64.5% 1263	41.2% 628	34.4% 141	52.2% 2032
TOTAL	100.0% 1959	100.0% 1524	100.0% 410	3893

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	98.3% 972	9.1% 142	45.8% 253	58.2% 481	67.3% 111	47.8% 1959
No	1.7% 17	90.9% 1420	54.2% 299	41.8% 346	32.7% 54	52.2% 2136
TOTAL	100.0% 989	100.0% 1562	100.0% 552	100.0% 827	100.0% 165	4095