National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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PHONSM How? Using smartphone to interact with social media; Remarks: This item was only asked if the congregation reported offering the opportunity to use their smartphones during the service to participate (SMTPHONE = 1). [ARDA Note: Please see PHONSM in the survey instrument for full remarks.]   0) No phone use of this type named   1) Response includes this type of phone use

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
No phone use of this type named	1205	96.0%	96.0%	-0.20
Response includes this type of phone use	50	4.0%	100.0%	4.90

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	96.0% 1205	96.0% 1205
Response includes this type of phone use	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	4.0% 50	4.0% 50
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 1255	1255

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	97.1% 167	96.2% 303	94.6% 505	98.3% 230	96.0% 1205
Response includes this type of phone use	2.9% 5	3.8% 12	5.4% 29	1.7% 4	4.0% 50
TOTAL	100.0% 172	100.0% 315	100.0% 534	100.0% 234	1255

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	96.4% 615	97.0% 417	91.5% 130	96.0% 1162
Response includes this type of phone use	3.6% 23	3.0% 13	8.5% 12	4.0% 48
TOTAL	100.0% 638	100.0% 430	100.0% 142	1210

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	97.3% 509	96.0% 479	92.1% 152	96.0% 1140
Response includes this type of phone use	2.7% 14	4.0% 20	7.9% 13	4.0% 47
TOTAL	100.0% 523	100.0% 499	100.0% 165	1187

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	100.0% 271	96.8% 458	86.7% 156	96.6% 255	97.0% 65	96.0% 1205
Response includes this type of phone use	0.0% 0	3.2% 15	13.3% 24	3.4% 9	3.0% 2	4.0% 50
TOTAL	100.0% 271	100.0% 473	100.0% 180	100.0% 264	100.0% 67	1255