National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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PHONSERM How? Using smartphone to engage with the sermon or message; Remarks: This item was only asked if the congregation reported offering the opportunity to use their smartphones during the service to participate (SMTPHONE = 1). [ARDA Note: Please see PHONSERM in the survey instrument for full remarks.]   0) No phone use of this type named   1) Response includes this type of phone use

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
No phone use of this type named	1180	94.0%	94.0%	-0.25
Response includes this type of phone use	75	6.0%	100.0%	3.97

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	94.0% 1180	94.0% 1180
Response includes this type of phone use	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	6.0% 75	6.0% 75
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 1255	1255

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	96.5% 166	94.3% 297	93.1% 497	94.0% 220	94.0% 1180
Response includes this type of phone use	3.5% 6	5.7% 18	6.9% 37	6.0% 14	6.0% 75
TOTAL	100.0% 172	100.0% 315	100.0% 534	100.0% 234	1255

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	92.3% 589	94.7% 407	100.0% 142	94.0% 1138
Response includes this type of phone use	7.7% 49	5.3% 23	0.0% 0	6.0% 72
TOTAL	100.0% 638	100.0% 430	100.0% 142	1210

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	93.1% 487	93.4% 466	99.4% 164	94.1% 1117
Response includes this type of phone use	6.9% 36	6.6% 33	0.6% 1	5.9% 70
TOTAL	100.0% 523	100.0% 499	100.0% 165	1187

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	98.5% 267	90.5% 428	88.9% 160	97.7% 258	100.0% 67	94.0% 1180
Response includes this type of phone use	1.5% 4	9.5% 45	11.1% 20	2.3% 6	0.0% 0	6.0% 75
TOTAL	100.0% 271	100.0% 473	100.0% 180	100.0% 264	100.0% 67	1255