National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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PHONMUS How? Using smartphone to engage or interact with the service's music; Remarks: This item was only asked if the congregation reported offering the opportunity to use their smartphones during the service to participate (SMTPHONE = 1). [ARDA Note: Please see PHONMUS in the survey instrument for full remarks.]   0) No phone use of this type named   1) Response includes this type of phone use

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
No phone use of this type named	1241	98.9%	98.9%	-0.10
Response includes this type of phone use	14	1.1%	100.0%	9.42

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	98.9% 1241	98.9% 1241
Response includes this type of phone use	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	1.1% 14	1.1% 14
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 1255	1255

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	98.3% 169	99.4% 313	99.1% 529	98.3% 230	98.9% 1241
Response includes this type of phone use	1.7% 3	0.6% 2	0.9% 5	1.7% 4	1.1% 14
TOTAL	100.0% 172	100.0% 315	100.0% 534	100.0% 234	1255

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	98.7% 630	98.8% 425	99.3% 141	98.8% 1196
Response includes this type of phone use	1.3% 8	1.2% 5	0.7% 1	1.2% 14
TOTAL	100.0% 638	100.0% 430	100.0% 142	1210

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	98.5% 515	98.8% 493	100.0% 165	98.8% 1173
Response includes this type of phone use	1.5% 8	1.2% 6	0.0% 0	1.2% 14
TOTAL	100.0% 523	100.0% 499	100.0% 165	1187

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	98.2% 266	99.2% 469	98.9% 178	98.9% 261	100.0% 67	98.9% 1241
Response includes this type of phone use	1.8% 5	0.8% 4	1.1% 2	1.1% 3	0.0% 0	1.1% 14
TOTAL	100.0% 271	100.0% 473	100.0% 180	100.0% 264	100.0% 67	1255