National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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PHONOTH How? Using smartphone in some way not previously mentioned; Remarks: This item was only asked if the congregation reported offering the opportunity to use their smartphones during the service to participate (SMTPHONE = 1). [ARDA Note: Please see PHONOTH in the survey instrument for full remarks.]   0) No phone use of this type named   1) Response includes this type of phone use

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
No phone use of this type named	371	91.2%	91.2%	-0.31
Response includes this type of phone use	36	8.8%	100.0%	3.21

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	91.2% 371	91.2% 371
Response includes this type of phone use	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	8.8% 36	8.8% 36
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 407	407

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	87.5% 35	88.6% 78	93.8% 197	88.4% 61	91.2% 371
Response includes this type of phone use	12.5% 5	11.4% 10	6.2% 13	11.6% 8	8.8% 36
TOTAL	100.0% 40	100.0% 88	100.0% 210	100.0% 69	407

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	92.0% 206	91.4% 117	90.6% 29	91.7% 352
Response includes this type of phone use	8.0% 18	8.6% 11	9.4% 3	8.3% 32
TOTAL	100.0% 224	100.0% 128	100.0% 32	384

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	91.7% 155	92.3% 156	88.9% 40	91.6% 351
Response includes this type of phone use	8.3% 14	7.7% 13	11.1% 5	8.4% 32
TOTAL	100.0% 169	100.0% 169	100.0% 45	383

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
No phone use of this type named	95.8% 23	91.0% 192	94.9% 112	83.0% 39	71.4% 5	91.2% 371
Response includes this type of phone use	4.2% 1	9.0% 19	5.1% 6	17.0% 8	28.6% 2	8.8% 36
TOTAL	100.0% 24	100.0% 211	100.0% 118	100.0% 47	100.0% 7	407