National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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RAISEHND Did anyone besides the leader raise their hands in praise during the service?   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	2963	56.0%	56.0%	-0.89
No	2330	44.0%	100.0%	1.13

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	47.6% 583	53.9% 809	59.7% 789	62.8% 782	56.0% 2963
No	52.4% 641	46.1% 693	40.3% 533	37.2% 463	44.0% 2330
TOTAL	100.0% 1224	100.0% 1502	100.0% 1322	100.0% 1245	5293

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	45.0% 353	48.4% 646	62.7% 1364	60.1% 600	56.0% 2963
No	55.0% 431	51.6% 689	37.3% 811	39.9% 399	44.0% 2330
TOTAL	100.0% 784	100.0% 1335	100.0% 2175	100.0% 999	5293

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	61.4% 1750	53.0% 915	38.6% 222	56.0% 2887
No	38.6% 1099	47.0% 812	61.4% 353	44.0% 2264
TOTAL	100.0% 2849	100.0% 1727	100.0% 575	5151

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	57.7% 1487	56.6% 1103	46.3% 235	56.1% 2825
No	42.3% 1090	43.4% 845	53.7% 273	43.9% 2208
TOTAL	100.0% 2577	100.0% 1948	100.0% 508	5033

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	48.6% 622	65.5% 1298	95.2% 659	30.9% 349	16.7% 35	56.0% 2963
No	51.4% 659	34.5% 684	4.8% 33	69.1% 779	83.3% 175	44.0% 2330
TOTAL	100.0% 1281	100.0% 1982	100.0% 692	100.0% 1128	100.0% 210	5293