National Congregations Study, Cumulative Dataset (1998, 2006-2007, 2012, and 2018-2019)

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HRAISHNDS Did anyone besides the leader raise their hands in praise during the service? Remarks: See remarks for HSVCMNTH and HSVCDAY.   1) Yes   2) No

Pie Chart Bar Chart Cumulative Bar Chart

Category	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative Percentage	Z-Score
Yes	68	60.7%	60.7%	-0.80
No	44	39.3%	100.0%	1.24

Variable Comparisons

Year Region Theology Political ideology Religion

Year (I-YEAR)

	1998	2006	2012	2018	TOTAL
Yes	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	60.7% 68	0.00% 0	60.7% 68
No	0.00% 0	0.00% 0	39.3% 44	0.00% 0	39.3% 44
TOTAL	100.0% 0	100.0% 0	100.0% 112	100.0% 0	112

Region (I-REGION)

	New England or Mid-Atlantic	East North Central or West North Central	South Atlantic, East South Central, or West South Central	Mountain or Pacific	TOTAL
Yes	60.0% 6	69.6% 16	60.5% 26	55.6% 20	60.7% 68
No	40.0% 4	30.4% 7	39.5% 17	44.4% 16	39.3% 44
TOTAL	100.0% 10	100.0% 23	100.0% 43	100.0% 36	112

Theology (I-THEOLOGY)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	58.0% 29	63.8% 30	54.5% 6	60.2% 65
No	42.0% 21	36.2% 17	45.5% 5	39.8% 43
TOTAL	100.0% 50	100.0% 47	100.0% 11	108

Political ideology (I-POLITICS)

	More conservative	Right in the middle	More liberal	TOTAL
Yes	56.5% 26	69.8% 37	33.3% 3	61.1% 66
No	43.5% 20	30.2% 16	66.7% 6	38.9% 42
TOTAL	100.0% 46	100.0% 53	100.0% 9	108

Religion (I-RELIGION)

	Roman Catholic	White conservative, evangelical, or fundamentalist	Black Protestant	White liberal or moderate	Non-Christian	TOTAL
Yes	48.8% 41	95.2% 20	100.0% 3	100.0% 4	0.00% 0	60.7% 68
No	51.2% 43	4.8% 1	0.0% 0	0.0% 0	0.00% 0	39.3% 44
TOTAL	100.0% 84	100.0% 21	100.0% 3	100.0% 4	100.0% 0	112