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The aim of this project was to develop a dataset describing the U.S. Catholic Church at the diocesan level. The total project consists of six decades' worth of data, from 1940 through 1990. Diocesan information collected from Church and other sources were merged with U.S. Census data describing population and other characteristics of the counties that make up each diocese.
Data were compiled from existing records from the Catholic Church and the U.S. Census, including The Official Catholic Directory, Census data, National Council of Churches (Churches and Church Membership Studies), National Catholic Education Association (Brooklyn), and Catholic Charities.
Sampling Procedures
All extant dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church for the United States were included for each decade of compiled data.
Principal Investigators
David Baker, James Youniss, Maryellen Schaub, and Life Cycle Institute. The study was completed in 1994 at The Catholic University of America
Related Publications
Youniss, J, Convey, J. J. and McLellan, J Ed. The Catholic Character of Catholic Schools: Survival and Transformation. Teachers College Press: New York, 2000.
Baker, D. (October 1999). "Schooling All the Masses: Reconsidering the Origins of American Schooling in the Postbellum Era." Sociology of Education, 72 (4), pp. 197-215.
Baker, D., and Riordan, C. "The 'Eliting' of the Common American Catholic School and the National Education Crisis." Phi Delta Kappan, September 1998, pp. 16-23.
Baker, D., and Riordan, C. (1998) "It's Not about the Failure of Catholic Schools, It's about Demographic Transformations" Phi Delta Kappan, October 1998 462-465.
Baker, D. "System for Catholic Historical Research, Institutional information and Planning." In Michalek, G., Sandleback, N., & Treanor, J. (Eds.), Documenting Diversity: The American Catholic Experience. Chicago, IL: Mission Press, 1994.
Schaub, M. and Baker, D. Serving American Catholic Children and Youth: A Diocesan Level Study of PREP and Catholic School Enrollments and Unserved Children. Report for U.S. Catholic Conference Department of Education. Washington, D.C., 1993.
Baker, D. "The Politics of American Catholic School Expansion, 1870-1930." In The Political Construction of Education, Fuller, B. and R. Rubinson (eds.). New York: Praeger, 1992.
Variable Sources: For variables SLD8001 to MAGR7836 the data come from the United States Census (City and County Data book). For variables YEAR to NOETHM80 the data come from The Official Catholic Directory. For variables REGION to TSEC80 the data come from the National Catholic Education Association (Brooklyn). Finally, for variables SACCCH80 to MWELSA80 the data come from The Church and Church Membership Study (1980).
NOTES:
Many of the variables in the datasets were originally configured at the county level, thus are reconfigured into multiple variables. For example, if the population is from the Census and aggregated to the diocesan level, variables are denoted with "N" for the number of counties reporting, and with an "M" for the number missing. A mean or sum could also have been coded, denoted by "S" or "A," depending on the variable. These letters precede the variable name.
Category labels for DIOCESE 0001 Baltimore, MD 0002 Boston, MA 0003 Chicago, IL 0004 Cincinnati, OH 0005 Dubuque, IA 0006 Milwaukee, WI 0007 New Orleans, LA 0008 New York, NY 0010 Philadelphia, PA 0011 St. Louis, MO 0012 St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN 0013 San Francisco, CA 0014 Santa Fe, NM 0015 Albany, NY 0016 Alexandria, Alexandria-Shreveport, LA 0018 Altoona-Johnstown, PA 0019 Baker, Baker City, OR 0020 Belleville, IL 0021 Bismarck, ND 0022 Boise, ID 0023 Brooklyn, NY 0024 Buffalo, NY 0025 Burlington, VT 0026 Charleston, SC 0028 Cleveland, OH 0029 Columbus, OH 0030 Concordia, Salina, KS 0031 Corpus Christi, TX 0032 Covington, KY 0033 Crookston, MN 0034 Dallas, TX 0035 Davenport, IA 0036 Denver, CO 0037 Des Moines, IA 0038 Detroit, MI 0039 Duluth, MN 0041 Erie, PA 0042 Fall River, MA 0043 Fargo, ND 0044 Fort Wayne-South Bend, IN 0045 Galveston-Houston, Galveston, TX 0046 Grand Island, NE 0047 Grand Rapids, MI 0048 Great Falls, MT 0049 Green Bay, WI 0050 Harrisburg, PA 0051 Hartford, CT 0052 Helena, MT 0053 Indianapolis, IN 0054 Kansas City, MO*** 0055 LaCrosse, WI 0056 Lafayette, LA 0057 Lead, Rapid City, SD 0058 Leavenworth, Kansas City, KS 0059 Lincoln, NE 0060 Little Rock, AR 0061 Louisville, KY 0062 Manchester, NH 0063 Marquette, MI 0064 Mobile, AL 0066 Nashville, TN 0067 Jackson, Natchez, Natchez-Jackson, MS 0068 Newark, NJ 0069 Ogdensburg, NY 0070 Oklahoma City, OK 0071 Omaha, NE 0072 Peoria, IL 0073 Pittsburgh, PA 0074 Portland, ME 0075 Providence, RI 0076 Richmond, VA 0077 Rochester, NY 0078 Rockford, IL 0079 Sacramento, CA 0080 St. Augustine, FL 0081 St. Cloud, MN 0083 Salt Lake City, UT 0084 San Antonio, TX 0085 Savannah-Atlanta, Savannah, GA 0086 Scranton, PA 0087 Seattle, WA 0088 Sioux Falls, SD 0089 Spokane, WA 0090 Springfield, MA 0091 Superior, IA 0092 Syracuse, NY 0093 Toledo, OH 0094 Trenton, NJ 0095 Tucson, AZ 0096 Wheeling, WV 0097 Wichita, KS 0099 Winona, MN 0100 Ruthenian Catholic 0101 Nebraska (Vicariate) 0103 Utah Territory (Vicariate) 0104 Kansas (Vicariate) 0106 Natchitoches 0107 Nesqualy 0108 Vincennes 0109 Jamestown, ND 0110 Grass Valley 0111 Los Angeles-San Diego, Los Angeles, CA 0112 Monterey-Fresno, Monterey, CA 0113 Raleigh, NC 0115 Belmont Abbey, NC 0118 Amarillo, TX 0119 Sioux City, IA 0120 Fairbanks, AK 0121 Springfield, IL 0122 Portland, OR 0123 North Carolina (Vicariate) 0124 Arizona (Vicariate) 0125 Brownsville (Vicariate) 0126 Colorado (Vicariate) 0127 North Minnesota (Vicariate) 0128 Indiana Territory (Prefectures) 0129 Idaho (Prefecture) 0130 Honolulu, HI 0131 Kearny, NJ 0132 Patterson, NJ 0133 Owensboro, KY 0136 Pueblo, CO 0137 Camden, NJ 0139 Reno-Las Vegas, NV 0140 Saginaw, MI 0142 San Diego, CA 0144 Steubenville, OH 0145 Worcester, MA 0146 Youngstown, OH 0149 Lansing, MI 0151 Atlanta, GA 0152 Austin, TX 0153 Bridgeport, CT* 0154 Dodge City, KS 0155 Evansville, IN 0156 Gary, IN 0157 New Ulm, MN 0158 Greensburg, PA 0160 Jefferson City, MO 0161 Joliet, IL 0162 Juneau, AK 0163 Lafayette, IN 0164 Madison, WI 0165 Miami, FL 0169 Birmingham, AL 0172 Phoenix, AZ 0173 Oakland, CA 0174 Stockton, CA 0175 Santa Rosa, CA 0176 Fresno, CA 0177 Orange, CA 0178 San Bernardino, CA 0179 Pensacola-Tallahassee, FL 0180 Orlando, FL 0181 St. Petersburg, FL 0184 Baton Rouge, LA 0185 Houma-Thibodaux, LA 0186 Gaylord, MI 0187 Kalamazoo, MI 0189 Biloxi, MS 0190 Springfield-Cape Girardeau, MO 0191 Rockville Centre, NY 0192 Charlotte, NC 0193 Tulsa, OK 0194 Allentown, PA 0195 Memphis, TN 0196 Beaumont, TX 0197 Brownsville, TX 0198 Fort Worth, TX 0199 San Angelo, TX 0200 Arlington, VA 0201 Yakima, WA 0202 Palm Beach, FL 0203 Venice, FL 0204 Lexington, KY 0205 Lake Charles, LA 0206 Knoxville, TN 0207 San Jose, CA 0208 Colorado Springs, CO 0209 Las Cruces, NM 0210 Tyler, TX 0211 Victoria, TX 0212 Metuchen, NJ 0213 Anchorage, AK 0214 Lubbock, TX 0216 Shreveport, LA 8082 Kansas City-St. Joseph, MO** 9027 Cheyenne, WY 9040 El Paso, TX 9098 Wilmington, DE 9147 Washington, DC 9167 Norwich, CT 9215 Gallup, NM *A 9 signifies a multi-state diocese. The first 0 is replaced with a 9 for all dioceses that cross over state lines, except when an 8 is in front of the diocese code.
**An 8 signifies a pre-diocese status. These were used when a vicariate preceded the diocese or when the diocese changed names.
***Two separate diocese were listed together in 1885, Kansas City and St. Joseph. The information for these dioceses was coded under St. Joseph.
Additional Variables:
For STATE When a diocese is multi-state, the state of the diocese name is used for the state code. Dioceses that are not in existence but have a 9 in front of the state code are incorporated into another diocese of another state those years. In these cases, the diocese code does not have a 9 in front. When the state code changes from a 0 to a 9, that area is initially in state and then changes to multi-state.
For PYS80 (Parent Year Start) Many dioceses can be traced back to several different originating diocese. The most recent split is reported. A 0 indicates that no parent existed; a -1 indicates this is an original parent diocese.
For PID80 (Parent ID) Diocese code for the PYS (parent year start); a 0 indicates that no parent existed; a -1 indicates this is an original parent diocese.
For ES80 (number of elementary schools) and HS (number of high schools) Schools listed as an elementary school and a high school are counted twice; if the figures are not disaggregated, the enrollment and the teacher variables are counted in the elementary school category only. This applies also for elementary schools with one or two years of high school.
For ACASCH80 (number of miscellaneous academies) Normal schools, training schools for religious, junior colleges, and training schools for nurses are not included in the totals. All colored, Indian, and other types of schools, such as conservatories, institutes, villas, and convents, are counted in the category that best describes the curriculum.
For ORASY80 (number of orphan asylums) Includes all orphan asylums, orphanages, orphanage schools, and homes for children with orphans listed. If the institution is called an orphanage school, if the attendants are listed as pupils or students, or if teachers are noted, it is counted twice, once as an orphanage and once as a school - categorized according to the description in the text.
For CARE80 (number of children under Catholic care) The recapitulation is used, in which this is usually listed distinctly. If it is not, the total students under Catholic instruction and the total dependent children are added together.
For CHPRT80 (total churches with a priest) Includes the number of churches with resident priests or parishes with resident pastor. Does not include chapels, missions, stations, churches "attended by" a priest, counties with a reverend, or church with a reverend. It does include churches being built with a reverend listed.
For DIOPRT80 (number of diocesan priests) Total number of diocesan or secular priests listed in the recapitulation as active in the diocese for that year.
For TOTCH80 (total number of churches) Includes all churches; excludes chapels, stations, etc. If no figure is given in the recapitulation, the total number of parish churches is added to the missions with churches (which is counted from the Directory).
For DOB80 to INC80 Bishops' information is taken from both the directory and in Ordinations of Catholic Bishops, 1780-1989. Information for new bishops in 1990 is gleaned from The Official Catholic Directory.
For NATPAR80 to NOETHM80
The national parishes and ethnic missions in regular parishes, listed in the text, are coded according to the following codes and totaled for each ethnicity. Each different combination is counted as one distinct category.
01 Austrian 02 Belgian 03 Canadian 04 Dutch 05 English 06 French 07 German 08 Irish 09 Italian 10 Scottish 11 Spanish 12 Swiss 13 Welsh 14 Portuguese 15 Chinese 16 Colored 17 Croatian 18 Lithuanian 19 Polish 20 Bohemian 21 Slovak 22 Syrian 23 Syro-Melchite 24 Slovenian 25 American Indian 26 Armenian 27 Bohemian and English 28 Byzantine Rite 29 Byzantine-Rumanian 30 Byzantine-Slavonic 31 Chaldean Rite 32 For Creole and Colored 33 Czechoslovakian 34 Dutch 35 Dutch and English 36 Dutch and German 37 Eastern Melchite 38 Filipino 39 French and Belgian 40 French, Belgian and Dutch 41 French and English 42 French, English and German 43 German and English 44 German and Hungarian 45 German and Italian 46 Greek Melchite 47 Hungarian (Magyar) 48 Hungarian-Ruthenian Rite 49 Italian and English 50 Italian, English and German 51 Italo-Greek Albanese 52 Italian, Portuguese and Mexican 53 Italian and Spanish-American 54 Japanese 55 Latin 56 Lebanese 57 Lebanese-Maronite 58 Maltese 59 Maltese and Italian 60 Maronite 61 Melchite 62 Melchite-Byzantine 63 Mexican 64 Pittsburgh Greek Rite 65 Polish and German 66 Polish and Lithuanian 67 Puerto Rican 68 Romanian 69 Romanian-Greek 70 Russian 71 Russian Byzantine Rite 72 Russian Greco-Slav Rite 73 Slav 74 Slavonian 75 Slovak and Bohemian 76 Slovak and Polish 78 Spanish and English 79 Spanish-Portuguese 80 Syrian 81 Syro-Chaldean 82 Syrian Greek Melchite 83 Syrian and Italian 84 Syrian Lebanese Melchite 85 Syro-Maronite 86 Ukrainian Rite 87 Tyrolese 88 Ukrainian Byzantine 89 Ukrainian Byzantine Slavonic 90 Ukrainian Greek 91 Ukrainian Ruthenian 92 Yugoslav 93 Passaic Byzantine Rite 94 Passaic Greek Rite 95 Italian, Chinese and English 96 For Spanish-speaking/Hispanic 97 Byelorussian 98 Lithuanian and Mexican 99 Latvian 100 Korean 101 Greek 102 For migrant workers 103 German and Spanish 104 German and French 105 Hungarian Byzantine Rite 106 Black and Hispanic 107 Chinese and English 108 Japanese and Korean 109 Italian and French 110 Indo-Chinese 111 Polish, Spanish and English 112 Syro-Malabar Rite 113 Malankara Rite 114 Albanian 115 Vietnamese 116 Russian Greek 117 Antiochan Syrian 118 English, Italian and Portuguese 119 Italian and Hispanic 120 Portuguese and Mexican 121 Salvadoran 122 Southeast Asian 123 Croatian and Slovenian 124 Multi-cultured/Interracial 125 Ge'ez Rite (Ethiopian) 126 English-speaking/American 127 for Spanish- and English-speaking 128 Indian and White 129 Indian and English For all variables, -9 is used when the diocese existed, but the information was not reported in The Official Catholic Directory. A -8 is used in creating rectangular files to represent areas in which no diocese was present before the diocese that starts sometime after 1870. Therefore, this is a nonexistent diocese. A -7 is used to indicate that the diocese is not rectangular because it has split from a parent and the information is therefore located in the parent information prior to its start.
For items from the Churches and Church Membership Study (1980):
Number of churches refers to local parishes or congregations. Number of members includes communicant, confirmed, or full members (i.e., regular members with full membership status).
Number of adherents includes all members, i.e., full members, their children, and the estimated number of other regular participants who are not considered as communicant, confirmed, or full members, for example, the "baptized," "those not confirmed," "those not eligible for communion," and the like.
Jewish Estimate Methodology:
The data for Jewish groups are estimates of client populations made by 200 Jewish fund-raising federations (local community agencies). The statistics for places reporting 100 or more Jewish residents, as published in the American Jewish Yearbook, have been allocated to counties by William Newman and Peter Halvorson. When place names are reported as general population areas, Jewish population has been allocated to counties in a manner consistent with the distribution of population in metropolitan area counties as reported by the United States Census (giving some preference to suburban, rather than urban counties).
The Church and Church Membership Study staff located synagogues by county using the 1987-88 Jewish Almanac-Yellow Pages. These were included with adherent estimates, resulting in some counties with adherents but no synagogues, and some counties with synagogues but no adherents.
