International Social Survey Program, Religion II, 1998

DOI

10.17605/OSF.IO/APCQ7

Summary

Started in 1984, the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) is an ongoing program of cross-national collaboration. The program develops modules that deal with areas of interest in the social sciences. These modules supplement regular national surveys. The 1998 religion module includes data from Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, the Slovakian Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Like the 1991 International Social Survey Program: Religion I, this survey covers three main topic areas. The first addresses general attitudes toward various social issues including government, sex, abortion, male and female issues, and personal trust. Secondly, the module addresses religion, including the role of religious leaders, attitudes about God, attendance, miracles, and the Bible. Finally, the module has demographic information including age, sex, education, and occupation.

The ARDA has added five additional variables to the original data set to enhance the users' experience on our site.

Data File

Cases: 39034
Variables: 202
Weight Variable: WEIGHT (187)

Data Collection

Beginning in February 1998 and ending in March 2001.

Funded By

The research organization in each country funds all of its own costs and the merging of the data into a cross-national data set is performed by the Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung, University of Cologne.

Collection Procedures

A variety of methods were used to collect the data including face-to-face interviews, mail survey, and self-completion surveys completed in the presence of a field worker or dropped off and picked up by him or her.

Sampling Procedures

For sampling, each country used one of the following techniques: probability cluster sample, stratified random sample, simple random sample, random equal probability sample, or area probability sample.

The appropriate citation for the ISSP is:

International Social Survey Program (ISSP). INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SURVEY PROGRAM: RELIGION II, 1998 [Computer file]. Koeln, Germany: Zentralarchiv fuer Empirische Sozialforschung [producer], 2000.

Additional Information on Selected Variables Variables: MOMREL, DADREL, RESPREL, and SPOSREL: Variables: MOMREL, DADREL, RESPREL, and SPOSREL:

42 Germany: Evangelical Church. Czech Republic: Evangelical. Slovakia: Slovak Evangelical
45 Slovakia: Fraternity Church
47 Australia: Uniting Church
48 Norway or Germany: Other Protestant communities
49 Great Britain: Other Protestant. United States: Other Protestant denominations. Norway: Norwegian State Church. Sweden: Church of Sweden. Denmark: Danish State Church. Hungary: Hungarian Reformatted (Calvin). Switzerland: Swiss Reformatted Church + other Protestant.
54 Bulgaria: Eastern Orthodox.
55 Latvia: Old Believers.
62 Chile: Pentecostal Methodist and Protestant
93 Sweden: non-Christian Religions.

Variable: PRAY

Category labels for respondents from Australia and Ireland.
1 Never
2 Less than once a year
3 About once or twice a year
4 Several times a year
5 About once a month
6 2-3 times a month
7 Nearly every week
8 Every week
9 Several times a week; + once a day; several times a day
98 Can't say, don't know
99 No answer

Variable: AGE

Variation in category labels:
16 16 years
18 Great Britain: 18 years or above
75 Switzerland: 75 years
96 Switzerland: 96 years. Great Britain: 96 years or older.

Variable: EDUC

Variation in question wording:
Australia: What is the highest grade or year of (primary or secondary) school you have completed?
Germany: How many years from school to university education, but without vocational training?
Great Britain: Years in school - recode from how old were you when you completed continuous full-time education?
United States: What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that you finished and got credit for?
Italy: How many years in general have you studied? (Consider years at primary school to university grades)
Ireland: How many years of full-time education did you receive?
Netherlands: Years of schooling following respondent's sixth birthday including vocational training.
Norway: Years in school after compulsory education.
Sweden: How many years have you attended school, all full-time education included?
Czech Republic: Can you please count how many years in total you attended school? Include all years spent in any school, even if you didn't complete the course of study, and/or years of study in other than full-time education programs.
Poland: Highest years of school completed.
Russia: How many years all together did you study? (including vocational training).
Slovenia: How many years in regular formal schooling?
New Zealand: How many years of full-time education have you had? (include primary school, intermediate, secondary school, university and polytechnic, but not vocational training.)
Philippines: Actual number of years of full-time schooling?

Variation in Labels for EDUC:

1 1 year
Australia: 0 or 1 year
8 New Zealand: 1-8 years
9 9 years
Norway: 7-9 years, only compulsory
11 New Zealand: 9-11 years
13 New Zealand: 12-13 years
14
15 New Zealand: 14-16 years.
17 New Zealand: 17 years or more
50 50 years or more
94 Other answer
95 Still at school
Japan: Still at high school
Switzerland, Norway: Still at school + still at university
96 Still at college, university
97 No formal schooling, still at school
98 Don't know
99 No answer
Spain: No answer, don't know
00 Not available

Variable: DEGREE

Variation in question wording:
Australia: What is your highest qualification?
Germany: What kind of a complete general school-education do you have?
Great Britain: Highest educational qualifications obtained?
United States: What is the highest degree?
Hungary: Completed school grades.
Italy: Degree of study
Norway: What kind of general education, what kind of vocational education/training, what kind of education on university/college level have you completed? Note: Compulsory school was 7 years until about the mid 1960's; 9 years of compulsory school was introduced during the 1960's, but at different times in different parts of the country.
Czech Republic: What is your highest achieved level of education?
Slovenia: Name last school you completed, regularly or while working.
Poland: What is the highest education level you have finished?
Bulgaria, Sweden: Highest level of education.
Russia: What education do you have?
Ireland: What is the highest level of education that you attained?
New Zealand: Highest level of formal education
Japan: What is your highest school qualification?
Philippines: Educational attainment of respondent.
Spain: (If not illiterate) Highest level of education.

Variation in category labels for DEGREE:

1 None, still at school
2 Incomplete primary
Spain: Incomplete primary, illiterate.
Germany: School without qualification.
3 Primary completed
Netherlands: Basic education plus vocational training.
Germany: 'Volks Hauptschule'.
United States: Less than High School.
New Zealand: Primary School (including intermediate)
4 Incomplete secondary, technical school
Austria: Apprenticeship completed, vocational middle school.
Germany: Middle school, polytechnic (completed 10. class).
Switzerland: Apprenticeship completed.
Ireland: Some second level, group certificate or equivalent.
Sweden: Secondary education, non-academic track
New Zealand: Secondary school (for up to three years)
5 Secondary completed
Netherlands: Lower grammar school, commercial school plus vocational training, 5 years grammar school.
Germany: 'Fachhochschulreife' completed
United States: High School
Austria: Matura
Ireland: Leaving certificate or equivalent
Sweden: Secondary education, academic track
New Zealand: Secondary school (for 4 years or more
6 Incomplete + complete semi higher qualification, incomplete university, other
Germany: 'Fachhochschule' completed
Northern Ireland: Other
United States: Junior college, Bachelor
France: Incomplete university, college
Ireland: Third level incomplete, certificate or diploma
New Zealand: Some university, polytechnic or other tertiary, completed trade, professional certification
7 University completed
Northern Ireland: Degree level and higher education below degree
United States: Graduate
Netherlands: University, technical university, teacher training
New Zealand: Completed University or polytechnic degree
99 No answer

Variable: WRKSTAT

Variation in category Labels:
1 Full-time employed, main job
Austria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Japan: 35 hours and more
Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain, France: 15-35 hours.
Great Britain, Norway, Bulgaria: 30 or more hours
Philippines: 40 or more hours
2 Part-time employed, main job
Austria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Japan: 34 hours
Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain, France: > 35 hours.
Great Britain, Bulgaria: 10-29 hours
Northern Ireland: part time, at least 10 hours
Norway: 15-29 hours
Philippines: 10-39 hours
3 Less than part-time
Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden,
Russia, France: less than 15 hours.
Slovenia, New Zealand, Japan: less than 15 hours, temporarily out of work.
United States, Poland: Temporarily not working.
Philippines: Less than 10 hours
Hungary, Italy: Less than part-time, temporarily out of work.
Spain: Less than 15 hours, doesn't say hours
4 Helping family member
5 Unemployed
6 Student in school, in education, vocational training, in government active labor market programs or on government training scheme
7 Retired
8 Housewife (man), home duties,
Czech Republic: on maternity leave
9 Permanently disabled, sick
Norway: Social Welfare
10 Others, not in labor force, not working
Germany, Austria: Army/Civil Service
Great Britain: Waiting for paid work + something else + paid status undefined.
99 No answer, refused, don't know

Variable: SPWRKST

Variation in category labels:
1 Full-time employed, main job
Austria, Slovenia, Japan: 35 hours and more
Ireland, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain, France: 15-35 hours.
Great Britain, Bulgaria: 30 or more hours
Philippines: 40 or more hours
2 Part-time employed, main job
Austria, Slovenia, Japan: 34 hours
Ireland, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain, France: > 35 hours.
Great Britain, Bulgaria: 10-29 hours
Northern Ireland: part time, at least 10 hours
Philippines: 10-39 hours
3 Less than part-time
Austria, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Russia, Japan, France: less than 15 hours.
Slovenia, New Zealand: less than 15 hours, temporarily out of work.
United States, Poland: Temporarily not working.
Philippines: Less than 10 hours
Spain: Less than 15 hours, doesn't say hours
4 Helping family member
5 Unemployed
6 Student in school, in education, vocational training, in government active labor market programs or on government training scheme
7 Retired
8 Housewife (man), home duties,
Czech Republic: on maternity leave
9 Permanently disabled, sick
10 Others, not in labor force, not working
99 No answer, refused, don't know
00 Not applicable (not married; no spouse/partner; not available

Variable: WRKGOVT

Variation in question wording:
Czech Republic: Do you work in a private or state sector or are you an entrepreneur/self-employed?
Norway: Which type of organization do you work for in your main job?
Poland: What is/was the form of ownership of this place of work?

Variation in category labels for WRKGOVT:

1 Works for government or public sector
Great Britain, Norway, Slovenia: Local, central government, public organization
Austria: Government or public owned firm
Bulgaria: State government agency
Czech Republic: Public institution, state administration
Ireland: Civil service, local authority, non commercial
2 Works for publicly owned firm
Hungary: Partly for public owned, partly in private ownership
Norway: Other public organizations, charity, trust
Czech Republic, Great Britain: state or municipality company
Sweden: Public owned plus combination of public and private
Ireland: Semi-state body
Slovenia: Nationalized industry or in transition
3 Works for private firm or sector
Norway: Personal company, limited company
Czech Republic, Great Britain: Large, joint-stock company, other
private company, co-operative
Philippines: Private firm, unpaid family worker
Russia: Doesn't work for government or publicly owned firm
6 Austrian, Great Britain: Non-profit organizations, welfare organizations
8 Self employed
Ireland: Incl. Farmer
Czech Republic: Self-employed, freelance
Philippines: Self-employed, informal sector
9 No answer, don't know, can't choose, refused
0 Not applicable (unemployed, not in labor force, never had a job, not in paid work, not working)
United States: Not available

Variable: SELFEMP

Variation in category labels:
1 Self-employed (with/without employees)
Norway, Japan: incl. family members + freelance
Czech Republic: incl. freelance
2 Works for someone else
8 No answer, don't know, refused
9 NAP (unemployed, not in labor force, never had a job, not in paid work, not working)\L

Variable: WRKHRS

Variation in question wording:
Australia: How many hours did you work last week, how many hours do you usually work a week?
Germany: How many hours per week do you normally work in your main job, including overtime?
Great Britain: (Current job of 10 hours or more per week) (If in paid work, employee and self-employed) How many hours a week do you normally work in your main job?
United States: How many hours did you work last week, how many hours do you usually work a week, at all jobs?
Italy, Norway: (If in paid work) How many hours per week do you work normally in your main job, including overtime but excluding the time you need to get to your workplace and back home (not housewife (man) or home duties)?
Czech Republic: How many hours do you usually work a week, include your second jobs, other entrepreneurial activities?
Poland: On the average, how many hours a week do you work at all jobs?
Philippines: In total, how many hours a week do you work?

Variation in category labels for WRKHRS:

01 One hour
96 96 hours and more
98 Don't know, can't say, varies too much
99 No answer, refused
00 NAP (not in paid work, never had a job, unemployed, not in labor force.) Northern Ireland, New Zealand: Not available

Variable: WRKSUP

Slovenia: What is (was) your position at working place?
Czech Republic: Did (do) you have subordinates in your main employment
Poland: Do you supervise the work of other employees?
Labels:
9 Spain: No answer, don't know
0 Australia, United States: Not available

Variable: RINCOME

Variation in question wording:
Australia: Yearly income in Australian money (midpoints)
Austria: Respondent's personal net income per month in shilling (midpoints)
Canada: In what range would your own personal income fall? (Midpoints of the categories in Canadian money?
Switzerland: Respondent's monthly earnings from in employment in Swiss francs (midpoints)
Germany: Respondent's net earnings per month after taxes and social insurance in DM
Great Britain: Own gross earnings per year from all sources before income tax and national insurance (midpoints in pounds)
Hungary: Respondent's net earnings per month in Forint
Italy: Respondent's net income per month in thous. Lire
Ireland: Into which category would you say your own weekly gross income before taxes and social insurance fall? (midpoints in Irish pounds)
Israel: Midpoints of the categories in NIS
Japan: How much did you earn yourself last year before taxes? (midpoints in thous. Yen)
Latvia: Monthly net income in Latvian Lats
Norway: What was your personal gross income before taxes and allowances in 1997 include retirement benefits etc.? (In Norwegian Kroner)
New Zealand: Which of the following categories best describes your own yearly income from all sources before tax in New Zealand money (midpoints of the categories)
Portugal: Respondent's monthly average net income in escudos (midpoints)
Poland: What is your average monthly earnings from your present job or business after taxes in new Zloty?
Russia: What is your monthly wage together with all bonuses, compensations, and other payments in new RUR (midpoints)?
Sweden: What is your approximate income per month before taxes in SEK?
Philippines: Respondent's monthly income in Pesos
Czech Republic: What is your average total net income per month in CZK? Count your net salary or wage, income from additional employment, unemployment benefits, entrepreneurial profits.
Slovenia: What was your last regular monthly income after taxes and social insurances from all sources in Tolar?
Cyprus: Monthly gross earnings before taxes in Cyprus pounds CYP (midpoints)
Spain: Respondent's monthly earnings in pts (midpoints)
France: Respondent's monthly earnings in Francs (midpoints)
Denmark: Respondent's earnings per year before taxes in DKR (midpoints)
Bulgaria: Personal monthly net income in LEV
REPUBLIC OF CHILE: Respondent's monthly income in CLP (midpoints)
United States: Respondent's earnings from all jobs in 1997 before taxes or other deductions in dollars (midpoints).

Variable: INCOME

Variation in question wording:
Australia: Yearly income in Australian money
Canada: What is the total income of your household? Midpoints of the categories in Canadian money.
Czech Republic: What is an average total net income of your household per month in CZK? Count incomes of all members of your household, all social benefits, allowances, and complementary incomes after taxation.
Switzerland: Monthly household income from all sources (midpoints)
Germany: Household net income per month after taxes and social insurance in DM
Spain: Average monthly net income (midpoints) in Pts
Great Britain: Total gross family income per year from all sources before tax and national insurance (midpoints) in pounds
Austria: Total household net income from all sources per month in shilling (midpoints)
Hungary: Gross household income from all sources incl. Social benefits - monthly average net income in Forint
Italy: Global net income per month after taxes in thous. Lire
Israel: Respondent's and spouse's income in NIS (midpoints)
Ireland: Into which group does your weekly household income fall, including all pensions, social welfare payments etc. (midpoints in Irish pounds)
Japan: How much was the total income of your family last year before taxes? (midpoints in thous. Yen)
Latvia: Household monthly net income in Latvian Lats
Netherlands: Gross family income per year in classes (midpoints)
Norway: What was household's gross income before taxes and allowances in 1997 include retirement benefits etc.
New Zealand: Which of the following categories best describes the total yearly income of all persons in your household from all sources before tax in New Zealand money (midpoints)?
Portugal: Monthly family net income in escudos (midpoints)
Poland: What is the monthly income of all the members of your household from all sources (after taxes)?
Russia: What is your family income per member of your family per month in new RUR (midpoints)?
Sweden: Monthly household income before taxes in SEK
Philippines: Total monthly income in Pesos.
Slovenia: What was the net monthly income from all sources of all members of your household after taxes in Tolar?
Cyprus: Total monthly gross family income before taxes in CYP (midpoints)
France: Total monthly family income from all sources in Francs (midpoints)
Denmark: Total family income per year before taxes in DKR (midpoints)
Bulgaria: Household monthly net income in LEV
Republic of Chile: Total monthly family income from all sources (midpoints)
United States: total family income from all sources in 1997 before taxes or other deductions in dollars (midpoints)

Variable: RELIG

Variation in question wording:
Germany, Austria: Which religious group do you belong to?
United States: What is your religious preference? Is it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or no religion? If protestant, what specific denomination is that?
Great Britain, Sweden, Poland: Do you regard yourself as belonging to any particular religion? If yes, which?
Hungary: Religion respondent feels now belong to
Ireland: What is your current religious denomination?
Netherlands: Do you consider yourself to belong to a religious group or church? If yes, which of those groups or churches do you consider yourself to be a member of?
Czech Republic: What religion are you?
New Zealand: What is your current religion?
Denmark: Are you a member of a church?
Canada, Philippines: What, if any, church or religious group you belong to?
Japan: What is your religious preference? Which group of Christianity do you belong to?

Variation in category labels for RELIG:

42 Germany: Evangelical Church. Czech Republic : Evangelical. Slovakia : Slovak Evangelical
45 Slovakia: Fraternity Church
47 Australia: Uniting Church
48 Norway, Germany: Other Protestant communities
49 Great Britain: Other Protestant. United States: Other Protestant denominations. Norway: Norwegian State Church. Sweden: Church of Sweden. Denmark: Danish State Church. Hungary: Hungarian Reformated (Calvin). Switzerland: Swiss Reformated Church + other Protestant.
54 Bulgaria: Eastern Orthodox.
91 Great Britain, New Zealand, or United States: Christian
93 Sweden: Non Christian Religions.

Variable: ATTEND

Variation in question wording:
Great Britain: (If any religion) Apart from such special occasions as weddings, funerals, and baptism, how often nowadays do you attend services or meetings connected with your religion?
Japan: How often do you attend religious services or go to pray at temple/shrine other than 'Hatumode', wedding or funeral?
Philippines: How often do you pray?

Variation in category labels for ATTEND:

1 Philippines: Several times a day, once a day, several times a week, every week
2 Austria: 1-3 times a month. Great Britain: At least once in a fortnight. Slovenia: 2-3 times a month, nearly ever week
3 Great Britain: At least once a month
4 Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Czech Republic: + Once or twice a year
5 Great Britain, Northern Ireland: Less often than once a year. Australia, Hungary, Italy, Norway, New Zealand, Slovenia, Russia, Philippines, France: 1-2 times a year, less than once a year.
Ireland: Less than once a year
8 Great Britain: Varies too much
0 Bulgaria, Israel: Not available

Variable: CLASS

Variation in question wording:
Germany, Austria, Sweden: Which social class do you attribute yourself to?
Australia, Japan, United States: If your were asked to use one of four names for your social class, which would you say you belong to: the lower, the working, the middle, or the upper class?
Norway, Italy: Please tell me which social class you would say you belong to?
Ireland: If you had to classify yourself in to one of the categories, which would it be?
Czech Republic: Into what social class would you classify yourself?
Slovenia: Which social group do you think you belong to?
Canada: Some people consider themselves to be a member of a specific social class. Of the following groups, would you consider yourself a member of...?
New Zealand: In terms of your social status, which of the following categories do you think you fit into?
Philippines: At present, where will you put yourself?

Variation in category labels for CLASS:

1 France: Lower class, underclass
3 Germany, Austria, Italy, Hungary, Norway, Czech Republic, Russia, Japan, Israel: Lower middle class. France: Upper (top of) working class
0 Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Netherlands: Not available

Variable: UNION

Variation in question wording:
Great Britain: (All who have ever worked) Are you now a member of a trade union or staff association?

Variation in category labels for UNION:

1 Germany: Now member
2 Germany: Never member; once a member. United States: Respondent not member, but spouse member
0 Northern Ireland: Not available

Variable: PRTYLR

Variation in question wording:
Italy, Austria, Philippines: In politics there are often used terms the left and the right. Where do you place yourself?
New Zealand: Generally speaking, in politics do you usually thing of yourself as:
Cyprus: Political preference (left-right)

Variation in category labels for PRTYLR:

1 Great Britain: Green
7 Italy: No political placement. Spain: No party affiliation at present. Slovenia, Germany: Would not vote, not eligible. Czech Republic: Would not vote; would drop invalid ballot in ballot box, no electoral right

Variable: HOMPOP

Variation in question wording:
Germany: How many persons live all together in your household?
Great Britain, Norway, New Zealand, Italy: Including yourself, how many people live here regularly as members of this household?
Russia: How many people, who are members of your family, including yourself and children of any age, live together with you?

Variation in category labels for HOMPOP:

8 Czech Republic, Hungary, Sweden: 8 or more persons

Variable: HHCYCLE

Variation in question wording:
Sweden: Adult = 18 years or older; child = 17 years or younger
Czech Republic: How many members including yourself are there in your household? How many dependent children up to 18 years do you live with in common household?
Slovenia: A: number of household; B: number of children 6 thru 18 years; C: number of children below 6 years.

Variable: URBRURAL

Variation in question wording:
United States: Expanded NORC size code
Hungary: Type of residence
Norway: Municipality type
Sweden: Respondent living in urban or rural area
Czech Republic: Derived from size of communities
Bulgaria: Type of community
New Zealand: Do you live in a rural or urban area?

Variation in category labels for URBRURAL

1 Urban area
Hungary: Budapest; town
Czech Republic: Prague, large cities
Bulgaria: Sofia, large cities
Latvia: Riga, large cities
Philippines: Total urban
Italy: Big cities and districts on the outskirts
Russia: Big cities, Moskow, other urban settlements
2 Suburbs of a large town/city
Hungary: County seats
Italy, Bulgaria: Small town
Czech Republic: Suburban, towns (5000 - 50000 inhabitants)
Latvia: Regional center, town
3 Rural area
Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria: Village
Philippines: Total rural
Latvia: Village, small town
9 No answer

Variable: ETHNIC

Variation in question wording:
Great Britain, Northern Ireland: To which of these groups do you consider you belong?
United States: From what country or part of the world did your ancestors come; (if more than one country named) which one of these countries do you feel closer?
Germany: Which citizenship do you have? (questions about nationality, country of origin, duration of residence in Germany, and information about parents)
Sweden: At the time of your birth, were both, one or neither of your parents citizens of Sweden?

Variation in category labels for ETHNIC:

8 Russia: Central Asian
10 Italy: Alto adige
11 Germany: speak Latvian, Lithuanian. Poland: speak Lithuanian. United States: Ethn. Lithuanian. Russia: Ethn. Latvian, Estonian, Lithuanian.
18 Slovenia: Ethn. Muslim
26 Philippines: Chavacano, Metis, Zamboangeno
31 Great Britain: English incl. Scottish
32 New Zealand: European-Pakeha
35 Italy: Val D Aosta
38 Hungary: German/Swab. Poland: Former German territories
45 Isreal: India, Pakistan
57 Cyprus: Maronite
65 Philippines: Bagobo, Kinaulo, Igorot, Cagay-anon, Ibatan/ Ivatan, Netibo, Surigaonon, Bawa-Diangas-Sutanga, Zambalenio, Dabawnyo/Davawenyo
69 Spain: Galician/ Gallego
71 Russia: ethn. Moldavian
76 Great Britain: speak Gaelic incl. Irish. New Zealand: speak scottish
80 Netherlands: ethn. Netherlands, Antilles
88 Cyprus: Turkish, Cypriote. Sweden: ethn. Bulgarian-turk
89 Slovakian Republic: speak Ruthenian
00 United States: not possible to code

Archive Navigation

Archive Categories

File Summaries

Search Data Archive