ARDA Dictionary- Mental Health Measures:Questions covering issues pertaining to an individual's mental health, views of mental health, attitudes toward those with mental health issues, medication, government intervention, etc. Definitions of good mental health vary, as do ways to measure mental health. Particular measures related to mental health, such as views of mental health, attitudes toward those with mental health issues, medication and mental health, government intervention, etc., can be found in the following ARDA datasets: HEALTH2 - 1997 Faith and Community Survey of Four Indianapolis Neighborhoods, MNTLHLTH - 2004 General Social Survey, EVMHP - 1996 General Social Survey, OUTSIDER - 2002 General Social Survey, PSYCMED4 - 2006 General Social Survey, SEENMNTL - 1998 General Social Survey MNTLHLTH - 2002 General Social Survey, SPMENTL - 1996 General Social Survey, KNWMHOSP - 1996 General Social Survey, MHTRTSLF - 2006 General Social Survey.
- Childhood Religiosity, Measures of:An approximation of how often respondents attended religious services and how religious they considered themselves at a given point in their childhood. This variable is used to approximate how respondents' levels of religious involvement have changed over time and to estimate levels of religious socialization. Examples of this measure are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 1998 General Social Survey , all available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Belief in Satan, Measure of:This survey item measures whether a respondent believes in Satan/the devil. Examples of this measure are found in the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 1991 General Social Survey , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Belief in Hell, Measure of:This survey item assesses whether a respondent believes in hell or purgatory. Examples of this measure are found in the 2008 General Social Survey and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Belief in God, Measure of:This survey item assesses whether a respondent believes in God. Examples of this measure are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 2005 Religion and Public Life Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Religious Salience, Measure of:This survey item measures how religious a respondent considers him/herself to be. Examples of this measure are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , which is available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Charisma of Minister, Measure of:This survey item asks respondents if the reason they attended or joined a religious group was due to the charisma of a minister. An example of this measure is present in the 2000 General Social Survey , available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Time-Series Data:Time-series data are data that chart changes over time. Different data points allow one to measure increases, decreases or very little change. Certain surveys, like the General Social Survey , use similar survey items over various years to measure changes in social attitudes. Likewise, surveys may ask the same questions over time to the same respondents in order to do a panel analysis. Generally, the more data points across time one collects, the more accurate one may be able to measure the pattern of change. (Statistical Term)
- Frequency of Prayer, Measure of:This survey item measures how often a respondent prays. Examples are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2007 Religion and Public Life Survey , 2007-2008 National Study of Youth and Religion and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Frequency of Reading Sacred Texts:This survey item measures how often someone reads sacred texts such as the Bible, Koran, sutras etc. These items are present in the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 1998 General Social Survey , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Spirituality, Strength of:This survey item measures whether a respondent considers himself/herself spiritual. Examples of this measure are found in the 2008 General Social Survey and the 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Religious Tolerance, Measures of:Survey measures of a respondent's level of acceptance or condemnation of contact with those from a different religious of ideological persuasion. These can be measured by asking about different contexts or scenarios. These survey items are present in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 World Values Survey and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Denomination, Measure of:This divides affiliation within Protestantism into differing religious organizations. This is a standard question available in a wide range of data sets, including the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 2007 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Childhood Religious Identity, Measure of:A survey measure of an individual's religious affiliation or salience as a child. Examples of this measure are present in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2008 American National Election Study and the 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Religious Experience, Measures of:These survey items reveal whether respondents have had certain religious experiences. These religious experiences may be a religious conversion or a religious vision/dream. Examples of these measures are found in the 2006 General Social Survey , 2006 Portraits of American Life Study and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Volunteering, Measures of:These survey items measure whether individuals are giving time, money or other resources to their religious group or to organizations beyond the religious group. Examples can be found in the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion and the 2002 General Social Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Belief in Heaven, Measures of:One's views on the certainty of a positive afterlife existing, or occasionally, questions about who will be allowed to go there. Examples of these measures are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 2005 National Study of Youth and Religion , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Attendance at Religious Services, Measure of:This survey item measures how frequently respondents attend places of worship. It is debatable how much measurement error is present in self-reported attendance, as people tend to over-estimate their participation (see Smith 1998). Examples of this survey item are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Parents' Religious Affiliation, Measure of:This survey item asks respondents what religious tradition their parents ascribe to and allows researchers to investigate why individuals maintain or change from the religious tradition they were exposed to when younger. Examples of this measure are found in the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion and 1998 General Social Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Belief in Creationism/Acceptance of Evolution, Measure of:These variables can be used to explore whether or not respondents believe in a literal creation story or if creation should be taught in schools and whether they accept versions of evolutionary theory presented by contemporary science. Examples of these measures are found in the 2008 General Social Survey , 2007 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey and the 2005 Religion and Public Life Survey , all of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Support for Religion in the Public Sphere, Measures of:Survey measures assessing the degree to which people approve or disapprove of public displays of religion. Typical topics include prayer in schools and the display of religious symbols in public. Froese and Mencken (2009) constructed a scale incorporating these different topics. Examples of these measures are found in the 2006 General Social Survey and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Religious Intermarriage, Measure of:This survey item examines what religion, if any, their spouse ascribes to. This variable allows researchers to investigate how religious capital affects spouse choice, as well as how network religious preferences affect individuals. This variable also potentially allows researchers to approximate which religious traditions are more exclusive with regard to endogamy. Examples of this measure are found in the 2006 General Social Survey and the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey , both of which are available in the ARDA's Data Archive.
- Administration Methods:The various ways of administering a survey questionnaire to respondents. Pencil-and-paper methods have a wide tradition, whether the questionnaires are handed out in group settings or sent through the mails. Some of the most expensive datasets in the ARDA, such as the General Social Survey , were obtained through face-to-face interviews, whereby a trained interviewer visits the home of the respondent and spends time asking the questions out loud. Less expensive alternatives include telephone interviewing and direct computer administration of a questionnaire to respondents. Different administration methods have various advantages and disadvantages, all of which researchers should keep in mind. (Statistical Term)
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